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Related Concept Videos

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per minute.
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
Dysrhythmias I: Introduction01:15

Dysrhythmias I: Introduction

Dysrhythmias refers to abnormalities in the heart's rhythm. They result from disruptions in the heart's electrical conduction system, which includes the sinoatrial(SA)node, atrioventricular(AV) node, the bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.Definition and PathophysiologyDysrhythmias result from disorders of impulse formation, impulse conduction, or both. The heart contains specialized cells in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers...

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Related Experiment Video

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Implantation of Electroencephalogram and Electrocardiogram Telemetry Devices in Neonatal Rabbit Kits
06:46

Implantation of Electroencephalogram and Electrocardiogram Telemetry Devices in Neonatal Rabbit Kits

Published on: February 28, 2025

Arrhythmic sudden death in children.

I Denjoy1, J M Lupoglazoff, P Guicheney

  • 1Hôpital Lariboisière (AP-HP), Service de cardiologie, Paris. isabelle.denjoy@lrb.aphp.fr

Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases
|April 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sudden death in children, often due to genetic arrhythmias, requires family screening. Early diagnosis and intervention, like implantable defibrillators, significantly improve survival rates in affected individuals.

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Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus
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Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus

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Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy
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Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy

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Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus
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Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy
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Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy

Published on: January 29, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Paediatrics

Background:

  • Sudden death (SD) in childhood is rare, accounting for 10% of paediatric mortality after age one.
  • In cases with negative autopsy for cardiac anomalies, genetically-determined malignant primary ventricular arrhythmias are the likely cause.
  • Rhythmic sudden cardiac death can stem from cardiomyopathies or primary channelopathies without structural heart disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of diagnosing primary channelopathies in childhood sudden death.
  • To emphasize the role of genetic testing and family screening in managing inherited arrhythmia syndromes.
  • To discuss the improved survival rates with modern interventions like automatic implantable defibrillators.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on electrocardiogram (ECG) anomalies, family history, echocardiography, and drug challenges.
  • Genetic identification of disease-causing mutations enables management of at-risk family members.
  • Multidisciplinary team approach is crucial for comprehensive patient care.

Main Results:

  • Primary ventricular arrhythmias include long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, short QT syndrome, and Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia.
  • Genetic testing allows for the identification and management of presymptomatic or undiagnosed family members.
  • Automatic implantable defibrillators have dramatically improved survival in patients with recurrent sudden arrhythmic death.

Conclusions:

  • Genetically-determined primary ventricular arrhythmias are a significant cause of sudden death in children.
  • Thorough family evaluation is essential following a sudden arrhythmic death event in a child.
  • Early diagnosis and management, including device therapy, are critical for improving outcomes.