Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Social Defeat Stress Model for Adolescent C57BL/6 Male and Female Mice
Published on: March 15, 2024
One-year course and predictors of outcome of adolescent depression: a case-control study in Finland
Linnea Karlsson1, Olli Kiviruusu, Jouko Miettunen
1Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland. linnea.karlsson@utu.fi
Background:
Clinical studies on the outcome of adolescent depression beyond treatment trials are scarce.
Objective:
To investigate the impact of characteristics of the depressive episode and current comorbidity on the 1-year outcome of depression.
Method:
A sample of 174 consecutive adolescent psychiatric outpatients (aged 13 through 19 years) and 17 school-derived matched controls, all with unipolar depressive disorders at baseline, were reinterviewed for DSM-IV Axis I and Axis II disorders at 12 months. The study was conducted between January 1998 and May 2002.
Results:
The outpatients had equal recovery rate and episode duration but shorter time to recurrence than the controls. Among the outpatients, Axis II comorbidity predicted shorter time to recurrence (p = .02). Longer time to recovery was predicted by earlier lifetime age at onset for depression (p = .02), poor psychosocial functioning (p = .003), depressive disorder diagnosis (p
Conclusions:
Characteristics of depression generally predicted the outcome better than co-morbidity. Axis II comorbidity has prognostic value in adolescent depression.
Related Concept Videos
Longitudinal Research
Long-term Depression
Long-term Depression
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Depressive Disorders: Etiology
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...
Depression: Overview
Longitudinal Studies