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A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses
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Molecular evidence for polyphyletic origin of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C in Bangladesh

M Safiullah Sarker1, Mustafizur Rahman, David Yirrell

  • 1Virology Laboratory, Laboratory Sciences Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. sarker_s@yahoo.com

Virus Research
|April 11, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Subtype C is the most common HIV-1 strain in Bangladesh. Injecting drug users show indigenous transmission, while VCT clients have diverse strains linked to migrant introductions.

Area of Science:

  • * Virology
  • * Epidemiology
  • * Public Health

Background:

  • * HIV-1 surveillance in Bangladesh is crucial for understanding transmission dynamics.
  • * Previous studies indicated diverse HIV-1 subtypes circulating in the region.
  • * High-risk populations require targeted monitoring for effective intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To determine the predominant HIV-1 subtypes in Bangladesh between 1999 and 2005.
  • * To analyze the genetic diversity and origins of HIV-1 strains in key populations.
  • * To differentiate transmission patterns between injecting drug users (IDU) and Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) clients.

Main Methods:

  • * Collection of HIV-1 positive blood samples from high-risk groups (national surveillance, VCT clients, TB patients).
  • * Partial gag gene sequencing using nested PCR and selective primers for HIV-1 subtyping.
  • * Phylogenetic analysis to determine the genetic relationships of Bangladeshi HIV-1 strains with global strains.

Main Results:

  • * HIV-1 subtype C was the most prevalent (41.4%) among 198 tested strains.
  • * Bangladeshi subtype C strains formed polyphyletic clusters globally.
  • * IDU strains clustered together, resembling Indian strains, suggesting limited introductions and indigenous transmission.
  • * VCT strains exhibited high heterogeneity, clustering with strains from India, Myanmar, Ethiopia, and Zimbabwe, indicating multiple introductions, likely via migrant workers.
  • * Minimal overlap was observed between IDU and other population group strains.

Conclusions:

  • * HIV-1 subtype C is the dominant strain in Bangladesh, with diverse global origins.
  • * Distinct transmission dynamics exist between IDU and VCT populations.
  • * The IDU epidemic appears driven by local transmission, while the VCT group shows evidence of frequent introductions, possibly linked to migrant populations.

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