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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

An Air-liquid Interface Bronchial Epithelial Model for Realistic, Repeated Inhalation Exposure to Airborne Particles for Toxicity Testing
Published on: May 13, 2020
Oral mucosal response to exposure to diquat: a rare occupational injury
James R Adams1, Muzzammil Nusrath, Douglas G Bryant
1Oral and Maxillofacial SpR, Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, James Cook University Hospital, Marton Road, Middlesborough, Teeside, TSS 4BW, United Kingdom. Jamesadams01@hotmail.com
Abstract:
Diquat is a quaternary ammonium herbicide closely related to paraquat, and is used commonly by commercial and domestic gardeners. The systemic toxicity of this group of compounds is well-known, but isolated human oral mucosal responses to topical exposure are not well-reported. We present details of an accidental mucosal exposure to diquat during manufacture and the resultant injury, and give guidance for appropriate management of such an exposure.
