Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
Conjugate Addition to α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds01:09

Conjugate Addition to α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds

α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds are molecules bearing a carbonyl and alkene functionality in conjugation with each other. The conjugation in the molecule leads to three resonance structures. The hybrid form exhibits two probable electrophilic sites: the carbonyl carbon and the β carbon.
Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene01:17

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene

The electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides such as HBr to alkenes and nonconjugated dienes gives a single product as per Markovnikov’s rule.
Crossed Aldol Reaction Using Strong Bases: Directed Aldol Reaction00:56

Crossed Aldol Reaction Using Strong Bases: Directed Aldol Reaction

The reaction between two different carbonyl compounds comprising α hydrogen in the presence of a strong base like lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) to form a crossed aldol product is known as a directed aldol reaction. The directed aldol reaction is depicted in Figure 1.
Conjugate Addition (1,4-Addition) vs Direct Addition (1,2-Addition)01:27

Conjugate Addition (1,4-Addition) vs Direct Addition (1,2-Addition)

α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds with two electrophilic sites, the carbonyl carbon, and the β carbon, are susceptible to nucleophilic attack via two modes: conjugate or 1,4-addition and direct or 1,2-addition.
Conjugate addition results in a thermodynamically stable product. The reaction retains the stronger C=O bond at the expense of the weaker C=C π bond. The process is slow as the β carbon is less electrophilic than the carbonyl carbon.
Direct addition products are formed faster owing to...
Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene01:14

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene

Electrophilic addition of halogens to alkenes proceeds via a cyclic halonium ion to form a 1,2-dihalide or a vicinal dihalide.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Iterative CT reconstruction via minimizing adaptively reweighted total variation.

Journal of X-ray science and technology·2014
Same author

[A preliminary anatomical study on design of cannulated screw channels for fixation of symphysis pubis diastasis in small samples].

Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery·2014
Same author

Iterative image-domain decomposition for dual-energy CT.

Medical physics·2014
Same author

Lumbar spine stability after combined application of interspinous fastener and modified posterior lumbar interbody fusion: a biomechanical study.

Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery·2014
Same author

Experimental study of the competitive adsorption of HNO3 and H2O on surfaces by using Brewster angle cavity ring-down spectroscopy in the 295-345 nm region.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2014
Same author

Dynamic changes of cardiovascular regulating factors in rats after aerobic exhaustive exercise.

Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology·2014

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks
07:50

Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks

Published on: November 25, 2015

Unimolecular binary half-adders with orthogonal chemical inputs.

Lu Zhang1, Wesley A Whitfield, Lei Zhu

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|April 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed unimolecular half-adders using a novel fluorophore platform. These molecules successfully processed all chemical inputs, generating complete arithmetic results for the entire truth table.

More Related Videos

Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:17

Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: June 23, 2022

Efficient Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via the Conjugate Addition of Functionalized Monoorganozinc Bromides
07:50

Efficient Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via the Conjugate Addition of Functionalized Monoorganozinc Bromides

Published on: May 26, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks
07:50

Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks

Published on: November 25, 2015

Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:17

Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: June 23, 2022

Efficient Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via the Conjugate Addition of Functionalized Monoorganozinc Bromides
07:50

Efficient Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via the Conjugate Addition of Functionalized Monoorganozinc Bromides

Published on: May 26, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Molecular electronics
  • Supramolecular chemistry
  • Organic chemistry

Background:

  • Molecular logic gates are fundamental components for molecular computing.
  • Previous designs often require multiple components or complex architectures.
  • A need exists for integrated, single-molecule computing elements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate unimolecular half-adder functionality.
  • To utilize an arylvinyl-bipyridyl fluorophore platform for molecular computation.
  • To achieve full processing of all input combinations within a single molecule.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a novel arylvinyl-bipyridyl fluorophore.
  • Characterization of the fluorophore's photophysical properties.
  • Experimental validation of half-adder logic operations based on chemical inputs and fluorescence outputs.

Main Results:

  • Successful implementation of unimolecular half-adders.
  • Demonstration of all possible input combinations being processed.
  • Generation of arithmetic results corresponding to the complete half-adder truth table.
  • Fluorescence output directly represents the computed sum and carry-out.

Conclusions:

  • Arylvinyl-bipyridyl fluorophores can serve as effective platforms for unimolecular logic gates.
  • This work represents a significant step towards integrated molecular computing systems.
  • Single-molecule processing of complex logic functions is achievable.