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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
08:31

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair

Published on: October 16, 2021

Redo mitral valve surgery: morphological features.

Adriana Luk1, Anusha Jegatheeswaran, Tirone E David

  • 1Department of Pathology, Toronto General Hospital/University Health Network, and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Cardiovascular Pathology : the Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology
|April 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitral valve repair can fail due to various pathologies, including infective endocarditis and degenerative changes, occurring at any time post-surgery. Histological analysis of excised valves reveals diverse causes for mitral regurgitation recurrence after repair attempts.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
08:31

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair

Published on: October 16, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Pathology
  • Histology

Background:

  • Mitral valve (MV) repair is the preferred treatment for mitral regurgitation.
  • This study investigates the histological features of excised MV leaflets and annuloplasty rings following MV repair or attempted repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the histological findings of excised mitral valves and annuloplasty rings after MV repair or attempted repair.
  • To identify pathological changes associated with mitral valve repair failure over time.

Main Methods:

  • Examination of morphological findings in 54 excised MV leaflets and 39 annuloplasty rings over 15 years.
  • Classification of patients based on the time interval between surgeries: attempted repair, <30 days, 30-365 days, and >1 year.

Main Results:

  • Pathologies identified include myxomatous change, infective endocarditis (IE), degenerative changes, and non-leaflet issues like chordal rupture.
  • Specific findings varied by time interval post-surgery, with IE and myxomatous changes prevalent in early failures, and degenerative diseases and IE in later failures.
  • The mean interval between index surgery and readmission was 6.61 years.

Conclusions:

  • Mitral valve repair failure can occur intraoperatively or over extended periods post-surgery.
  • Pathological findings include infective endocarditis, fibrosis, calcification, nodular thickening, synthetic chordae tendinae issues, and progression of degenerative disease.