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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

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Published on: May 7, 2014

Differential effects of aging on processes underlying task switching.

Robert West¹, Stephanie Travers

¹Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA. rwest@iastate.edu

Brain and Cognition

|April 12, 2008

Summary

Aging impacts task switching by increasing mixing costs and altering brain activity. Older adults show different neural recruitment during task preparation, potentially not fully configuring task sets before stimulus onset.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Neuroscience of Aging

Background:

Task switching is crucial for cognitive flexibility.
Aging can affect cognitive control processes, including task switching.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how aging affects the neural mechanisms of task switching using event-related brain potentials (ERPs).
To examine age-related differences in behavioral costs and neural activity during task switching paradigms.

Main Methods:

Utilized event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to measure brain activity.
Analyzed behavioral data (response times) and ERP components (P3, frontal and parietal activity).
Compared younger and older adults on task switching and task mixing conditions.

Main Results:

Older adults exhibited increased mixing costs, but not switching costs, after accounting for general slowing.
ERP data showed age-related decreases in parietal activity for cue retrieval and increases in parietal/frontal activity for task set configuration.
Differential neural recruitment was observed in younger and older adults during task mixing in the target-locked epoch.

Conclusions:

Older adults may experience difficulties in fully implementing task sets before stimulus presentation.
Aging impacts specific processes within task switching, particularly those related to task set configuration and preparation.
ERPs provide valuable insights into the neural underpinnings of age-related cognitive changes in task switching.