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Related Concept Videos

Botulism01:22

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Botulism is a life-threatening neuroparalytic condition caused by botulinum neurotoxin, which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, a Gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe.In adults, the toxin enters the body in different ways: in foodborne botulism, the preformed toxin is absorbed in the intestine. In wound botulism, spores grow in injured tissue and release the toxin into the blood. Infant botulism differs mechanistically from adult forms. In infants, botulism commonly...
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Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients
03:47

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients

Published on: October 25, 2024

Long-term functional outcome in pyogenic spinal infection.

Brendan J O'Daly1, Seamus F Morris, S Kieran O'Rourke

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland. brendan.odaly@ucd.ie

Spine
|April 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Pyogenic spinal infections often lead to adverse functional outcomes, even without persistent neurologic deficits. Standardized measures like the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and SF-36 reveal a higher rate of poor outcomes than previously reported.

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients
03:47

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients

Published on: October 25, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Limited data exists on long-term functional outcomes after pyogenic spinal infections.
  • Previous studies used non-validated instruments, hindering interpretation of results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate long-term functional outcomes in patients with pyogenic spinal infection.
  • Utilize standardized measures: Oswestry disability index (ODI) and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of pyogenic spinal infection cases (1994-2004).
  • Management included operative and non-operative (antibiotic therapy alone) approaches.
  • Follow-up involved clinical review and standardized questionnaires.

Main Results:

  • 66% of patients experienced adverse outcomes at a median of 61 months follow-up.
  • SF-36 physical function scores were significantly lower in patients with adverse outcomes (P=0.003).
  • Delayed diagnosis and initial neurologic impairment predicted long-term neurologic deficit.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized measures (SF-36, ODI) indicate high rates of adverse outcomes in pyogenic spinal infections.
  • These findings suggest under-reporting of poor outcomes when relying solely on the American Spinal Injury Association score.