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Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase
09:25

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

Published on: July 14, 2011

A conserved secondary structure for telomerase RNA.

D P Romero1, E H Blackburn

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco 94143.

Cell
|October 18, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Telomerase RNA

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme essential for maintaining telomere length.
  • The RNA component of telomerase serves as the template for telomeric DNA synthesis.
  • Understanding telomerase RNA structure is crucial for comprehending its function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the secondary structure of telomerase RNA (TER) across several ciliate species.
  • To identify conserved structural elements within TER that are critical for telomeric DNA synthesis.
  • To build a comparative phylogenetic model of TER secondary structure.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic comparative analysis of TER genes from seven tetrahymenine ciliates.
  • Cloning and sequencing of TER genes from Tetrahymena malaccensis, T. pyriformis, T. hyperangularis, T. pigmentosa, T. hegewishii, and Glaucoma chattoni.

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RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Using High-throughput SHAPE
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RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Using High-throughput SHAPE

Published on: May 31, 2013

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein
08:26

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein

Published on: June 12, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase
09:25

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

Published on: July 14, 2011

RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Using High-throughput SHAPE
13:42

RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Using High-throughput SHAPE

Published on: May 31, 2013

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein
08:26

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein

Published on: June 12, 2018

  • Identification of homologous complementary sequences through covariation analysis of putative base pairs.

    • Main Results:

    • A highly conserved secondary structure was identified across all analyzed telomerase RNAs, despite rapid divergence in primary sequences.
    • A block of 22 completely conserved nucleotides was found, encompassing the telomeric templating region.
    • Covariation analysis revealed homologous complementary sequences, supporting the proposed secondary structure model.

    Conclusions:

    • Telomerase RNA secondary structure is remarkably conserved across diverse ciliate species.
    • The conserved structure, particularly the templating region, is vital for telomerase function in telomeric DNA synthesis.
    • This study provides a robust secondary structure model for telomerase RNA.