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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.

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Comparing immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice as animal models for bone tissue engineering.

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Dental pulp and periodontal ligament cells support osteoclastic differentiation.

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Effects of calcitonin on the function of human osteoclast-like cells formed from CD14-positive monocytes.

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Coordination of microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton is important in osteoclast function, but calcitonin disrupts sealing zones without affecting microtubule networks.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
06:17

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 6, 2014

Hormonal regulation of osteoclast function.

T J Martin1, N Udagawa

  • 1St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Australia.

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|April 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Hormones and cytokines regulate osteoclast formation indirectly through osteoblastic stromal cells. Mature osteoclast activity is not promoted by these factors, but their survival may be influenced.

Area of Science:

  • Bone biology
  • Cell signaling
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Osteoclast formation is indirectly controlled by hormones and cytokines acting on osteoblastic stromal cells and immune cells.
  • Osteoclastogenesis involves paracrine factors from intermediate cells influencing precursor proliferation and differentiation.
  • In vitro studies suggest a membrane-associated stromal cell molecule is crucial for osteoclast differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms regulating osteoclast formation and activity.
  • To investigate the role of osteoblastic stromal cells and their signaling molecules in osteoclastogenesis.
  • To understand how hormones and cytokines influence osteoclast survival and bone resorption.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on osteoclast biology and hormonal regulation.

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A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro
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A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro

Published on: June 16, 2022

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
06:17

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 6, 2014

A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro
07:03

A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro

Published on: June 16, 2022

  • Analysis of cellular interactions between stromal and hemopoietic precursors.
  • Examination of the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family members in osteoclastogenesis.

    • Main Results:

    • Osteoclast formation requires cell contact between stromal and hemopoietic cells.
    • A soluble TNF receptor family member is produced by and acts on osteoblastic stromal cells.
    • Hormones and cytokines influence mature osteoclast survival rather than activity.

    Conclusions:

    • Osteoclast formation is a complex process involving indirect regulation and cell-cell interactions.
    • Stromal cell-derived factors, including TNF receptor family members, play a key role in osteoclast differentiation.
    • Hormonal regulation of bone resorption involves direct effects on osteoclasts (calcitonin) and indirect modulation of cytokines (estrogen).