Steroid modulation of neurotransmitter function to alter female reproductive behavior

The hormonal induction of reproductive behavior in rodents is well established, but many of the mechanisms mediating this induction remain unknown. The ability of the gonadal steroids, estrogen and progesterone, to act simultaneously upon several neurotransmitter systems and at multiple loci in a coherent manner helps to coordinate the timing of behavioral receptivity with ovulation and assures maximal reproductive success. Investigations revealing the multitude of steroid actions on neurotransmitters illustrate the neuronal plasticity present in the adult brain. Furthering our understanding of the mechanisms by which steroids alter brain functioning to change behavior profoundly, but transiently, serves to provide information not only in the field of reproductive biology but that of basic neuroscience as well.