Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

Fractures: Bone Repair

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...

Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Conversion Total Hip Arthroplasty After Failed Basicervical Hip Fracture Fixation: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

The Iowa orthopaedic journal·2017

Same author

Early Intraprosthetic Dislocation of a Dual Mobility Acetabular Construct after Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Journal of orthopaedic case reports·2017

Same author

Acute Stress Fracture of the Pelvis after Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case Report.

Journal of orthopaedic case reports·2017

Same author

Assessment of ipsilateral versus contralateral proximal fibula for use in distal radius osteoarticular reconstruction.

American journal of orthopedics (Belle Mead, N.J.)·2012

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

$Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model$

Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model

Published on: April 18, 2011

Physeal transfers for skeletal reconstruction.

Oluwaseun Akinbo¹, Robert Strauch

¹Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

The Journal of Hand Surgery

|April 15, 2008

Summary

Physeal transfers, particularly vascularized fibula transfers, are key for limb growth in skeletally immature patients. These state-of-the-art techniques reconstruct pediatric long bones, offering functional and durable results after tumor resection, deformities, or trauma.

More Related Videos

Use of Human Perivascular Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration

Use of Human Perivascular Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration

Published on: May 25, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

$Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model$

Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model

Published on: April 18, 2011

Use of Human Perivascular Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration

Use of Human Perivascular Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration

Published on: May 25, 2012

Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Pediatric Orthopedics
Limb Reconstruction

Background:

Physeal transfers are crucial for limb length preservation in skeletally immature patients.
These procedures are indicated for congenital deformities, tumor resection, and trauma.
Continued limb growth is a primary goal in pediatric bone reconstruction.

Observation:

The article reviews vascularized and nonvascularized physeal transfer methods.
It specifically emphasizes vascularized fibula physeal transfers.
These techniques are considered the current standard for pediatric long bone reconstruction.

Findings:

Physeal transfers enable continued growth in pediatric long bones.
Vascularized fibula physeal transfers are highlighted as a state-of-the-art method.
Successful reconstruction leads to functional and durable outcomes.

Implications:

Physeal transfers offer a viable solution for limb length discrepancies in children.
These advanced reconstructive methods improve patient function and long-term results.
Further research into physeal transfer techniques can enhance pediatric orthopedic care.