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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice
10:38

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice

Published on: December 17, 2010

Prolactin and autoimmune disease.

S E Walker1, S H Allen, R W McMurray

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201-5297, USA.

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|July 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prolactin (PRL) is an immune-stimulating hormone linked to autoimmune diseases like lupus. Suppressing prolactin may benefit selected patients with autoimmune conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Prolactin (PRL) is recognized as an immune-stimulating hormone.
  • Hyperprolactinemia is increasingly associated with active phases of immune-complex-mediated autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of prolactin in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of prolactin-suppressive therapy in a relevant animal model and in human patients.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the NZB/W mouse model, a spontaneous and hormone-sensitive model of lupus.
  • Induced hyperprolactinemia by implanting pituitary glands in mice.
  • Assessed disease activity markers including proteinuria and circulating IgG levels.
  • Reviewed anecdotal evidence from human patients undergoing prolactin-suppressive therapy.

Main Results:

  • Hyperprolactinemia in NZB/W mice accelerated proteinuria and increased circulating IgG levels.
  • Induced hyperprolactinemia led to premature death in the mouse model.
  • Therapeutic studies in mice and anecdotal patient data suggest potential benefits of prolactin suppression in autoimmune diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Prolactin significantly contributes to the activity of hormone-sensitive autoimmune diseases like lupus.
  • Prolactin-suppressive therapy shows promise as a treatment strategy for selected patients with autoimmune conditions.