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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Reverse Yeast Two-hybrid System to Identify Mammalian Nuclear Receptor Residues that Interact with Ligands and/or Antagonists
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Reverse Yeast Two-hybrid System to Identify Mammalian Nuclear Receptor Residues that Interact with Ligands and/or Antagonists

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Receptor to nucleus signaling via tyrosine phosphorylation of the p91 transcription factor

C Daly1, N C Reich

  • 1Department of Pathology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|May 1, 1994
PubMed

Insights

Interferon signaling activates latent DNA-binding factors, including p91 (Stat 91), which then move to the nucleus to regulate gene expression. This pathway is crucial for cellular responses to interferons.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Cellular Signaling

Background:

  • Interferons (IFNs) are critical cytokines involved in immune responses.
  • Signal transduction pathways link cell surface receptors to nuclear gene regulation.
  • Understanding IFN-stimulated pathways is key to deciphering cellular defense mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of interferon-stimulated signal transduction.
  • To identify key factors involved in linking IFN receptors to target gene activation.
  • To characterize the role of specific transcription factors in IFN-mediated gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of signal transduction pathways.
  • Identification of activated protein kinases.
  • Characterization of latent DNA-binding factors and their nuclear translocation.
  • Investigation of transcription factor complex formation and DNA binding.

Main Results:

  • Interferon binding activates nonreceptor tyrosine kinases.
  • These kinases phosphorylate latent DNA-binding factors in the cytoplasm.
  • Phosphorylated factors form complexes that translocate to the nucleus.
  • A 91-kD factor (p91 or Stat 91) is activated and functions as a transcription factor subunit.

Conclusions:

  • Interferon signaling involves a cascade of protein phosphorylations and translocations.
  • The p91 (Stat 91) factor plays a significant role in mediating interferon's effects on gene expression.
  • This pathway highlights the intricate regulation of gene transcription by extracellular signals.

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