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Dialysis

Dialysis

Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

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In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

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Published on: February 2, 2021

Acute renal failure in jordan.

¹Department of Medicine, Jordan Hospital, Amman, Jordan.

Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation : an Official Publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia

|April 15, 2008

Summary

This study on acute renal failure (ARF) in Jordan found parenchymal renal insult to be the most common cause. While 80% of patients recovered, mortality was high, particularly in oligo-anuric patients, with sepsis and cardiac issues being primary causes.

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Internal Medicine
Critical Care Medicine

Background:

Acute renal failure (ARF) presents a significant clinical challenge globally.
Understanding the specific etiologies and outcomes of ARF in different geographical regions is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the causes, clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of acute renal failure (ARF) in a Jordanian population.
To identify risk factors associated with mortality and recovery in ARF patients.

Main Methods:

A prospective evaluation of 215 patients diagnosed with ARF across three centers in Jordan over 18 months.
Data collected included patient demographics, ARF etiology, clinical presentation (oliguric vs. non-oliguric), need for dialysis, and patient outcomes (recovery or death).

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Main Results:

Parenchymal renal insult was the leading cause of ARF (58%), followed by pre-renal azotemia (28%) and obstructive uropathy (14%).
A majority of patients (70.7%) presented as oligo-anuric. Dialysis was required in 18.6% of patients, predominantly those with parenchymal damage.
Overall recovery was 80%, but mortality was 21.9%, with sepsis and cardiac complications accounting for 75% of deaths.

Conclusions:

Parenchymal renal insult is the primary driver of ARF in this Jordanian cohort.
Oligo-anuria and severe complications like sepsis significantly increase mortality risk in ARF patients.
Despite challenges, a substantial proportion of ARF patients achieve renal function recovery, highlighting the importance of timely management.