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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Spatial Multiobjective Optimization of Agricultural Conservation Practices using a SWAT Model and an Evolutionary Algorithm

Spatial Multiobjective Optimization of Agricultural Conservation Practices using a SWAT Model and an Evolutionary Algorithm

Published on: December 9, 2012

Charting a path for innovative toilet technology using multicriteria decision analysis.

Mark E Borsuk¹, Max Maurer, Judit Lienert

¹Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland. mark.borsuk@dartmouth.edu

Environmental Science & Technology

|April 16, 2008

Summary

Multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) evaluated NoMix urine separating toilets for wastewater management. This approach balances stakeholder needs and offers a flexible path for sustainable urban water systems.

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Spatial Multiobjective Optimization of Agricultural Conservation Practices using a SWAT Model and an Evolutionary Algorithm

Spatial Multiobjective Optimization of Agricultural Conservation Practices using a SWAT Model and an Evolutionary Algorithm

Published on: December 9, 2012

Area of Science:

Environmental science
Environmental engineering
Decision science

Background:

Innovative environmental technologies require robust analysis for effective decision-making in R&D, risk management, and communication.
Aging wastewater infrastructure and urban growth necessitate sustainable management solutions worldwide.

Purpose of the Study:

To apply multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) to evaluate urine-separating toilets as an environmental technology.
To assess the potential of NoMix toilets for managing environmental risks and delaying wastewater treatment plant upgrades.

Main Methods:

Integrated scientific assessments with value characterization using MCDA.
Ranked alternative technology pathways based on technical, financial, and social criteria.
Evaluated the NoMix urine-separating toilet system in a Swiss wastewater catchment.

Main Results:

No single solution, including the status quo, satisfied all stakeholders' priorities.
Identified a forward path that minimizes disadvantage to any stakeholder and preserves future options.
Demonstrated that urine separation can play a role in sustainable urban water management.

Conclusions:

MCDA provides a framework for balancing diverse stakeholder objectives in wastewater management.
Urine separation offers a flexible strategy for enhancing urban water systems amidst changing priorities and technological advancements.
The proposed framework aids communities in navigating complex decisions for sustainable water infrastructure development.