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Related Concept Videos

Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:27

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

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Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System
06:07

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Published on: October 22, 2020

[Tobacco smoking among Italian physicians].

D R Smith1, N L'Abbate, A Lorusso

  • 1International Centre for Research Promotion and Informatics, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan. smith@h.jniosh.go.jp

Giornale Italiano Di Medicina Del Lavoro Ed Ergonomia
|April 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Italian physicians show high smoking rates, particularly in the south, with slower declines compared to other countries. This occupational health issue requires intervention, especially as many physicians smoke at work.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Occupational Medicine
  • Medical Sociology

Background:

  • International literature from 1985-2000 indicates persistently high smoking prevalence among Italian physicians.
  • Physician smoking rates have declined since 1985 but lag behind general population trends and international comparisons.
  • Regional disparities exist, with higher smoking rates observed in southern Italy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in smoking rates among Italian physicians from 1985 to 2000.
  • To compare smoking prevalence in Italian physicians with international data and general population trends.
  • To identify gender and regional variations in physician smoking.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and analysis of published international literature.
  • Data extraction on smoking prevalence, trends, gender differences, and regional variations.
  • Comparative analysis of Italian physician smoking rates against global benchmarks.

Main Results:

  • Despite a gradual decline since 1985, at least a quarter of Italian physicians continue to smoke.
  • Smoking rates among male physicians have slightly decreased, while remaining stable for female physicians.
  • Significant regional differences were noted, with southern Italy exhibiting higher prevalence.
  • A substantial proportion of Italian physicians smoke during working hours, constituting an occupational hazard.

Conclusions:

  • High smoking rates among Italian physicians, especially in the south and among females, present a significant public health and occupational concern.
  • The rate of decline in smoking among Italian physicians has not matched international progress.
  • Occupational medicine interventions are crucial to address smoking among healthcare workers and mitigate associated health risks.