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Related Concept Videos

The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength02:18

The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength

The equilibrium binding constant (Kb) quantifies the strength of a protein-ligand interaction. Kb can be calculated as follows when the reaction is at equilibrium:
The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength02:18

The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength

The equilibrium binding constant (Kb) quantifies the strength of a protein-ligand interaction. Kb can be calculated as follows when the reaction is at equilibrium:
Conserved Binding Sites01:49

Conserved Binding Sites

Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein known as ligand-binding sites. Ligand-binding sites are often conserved among homologous proteins as these sites are critical for protein function.
Binding sites are often located in large pockets, and if their location on a protein’s surface is unknown, it can be predicted using various approaches. The energetic method computationally analyses the...
Conserved Binding Sites01:49

Conserved Binding Sites

Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein known as ligand-binding sites. Ligand-binding sites are often conserved among homologous proteins as these sites are critical for protein function.
Binding sites are often located in large pockets, and if their location on a protein’s surface is unknown, it can be predicted using various approaches. The energetic method computationally analyses the...
Ligand Binding Sites02:40

Ligand Binding Sites

Proteins are dynamic macromolecules that carry out a wide variety of essential processes; however, the activities of most proteins depend on their interactions with other molecules or ions, known as ligands.
Protein-ligand interactions are quite specific; even though numerous potential ligands surround a cellular protein at any given time, only a particular ligand can bind to that protein. Moreover, a ligand binds only to a dedicated area on the surface of the protein, known as the...
Calculating Standard Free Energy Changes02:49

Calculating Standard Free Energy Changes

The free energy change for a reaction that occurs under the standard conditions of 1 bar pressure and at 298 K is called the standard free energy change. Since free energy is a state function, its value depends only on the conditions of the initial and final states of the system. A convenient and common approach to the calculation of free energy changes for physical and chemical reactions is by use of widely available compilations of standard state thermodynamic data. One method involves the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
10:29

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Published on: May 9, 2025

Predicting binding modes from free energy calculations.

Martin Nervall1, Peter Hanspers, Jens Carlsson

  • 1Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
|April 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Predicting accurate bioactive conformations for HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors is challenging. Rescoring with linear interaction method (LIE) and molecular dynamics simulations successfully identified the correct binding mode, aligning with experimental data.

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
10:29

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Published on: May 9, 2025

Computational Prediction of Amino Acid Preferences of Potentially Multispecific Peptide-Binding Domains Involved in Protein-Protein Interactions
06:50

Computational Prediction of Amino Acid Preferences of Potentially Multispecific Peptide-Binding Domains Involved in Protein-Protein Interactions

Published on: January 26, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Computational Chemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Drug Design

Background:

  • Accurate prediction of bioactive conformations is crucial for structure-based inhibitor design and binding free energy calculations.
  • Existing methods struggle to reliably determine the correct binding mode of inhibitors, particularly for complex targets like HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a computational method for predicting reliable bioactive conformations of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
  • To assess the performance of various scoring functions and computational techniques in distinguishing correct binding modes.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-docking of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors using a non-native crystal structure.
  • Calculation of binding free energies using multiple scoring functions.
  • Rescoring of docked conformations using the linear interaction method (LIE) combined with molecular dynamics simulations.

Main Results:

  • Initial docking produced two distinct clusters of conformations, one compatible with experimental data and another with a flipped heterocyclic group.
  • Standard scoring functions failed to differentiate between the correct and incorrect binding modes.
  • Rescoring with LIE and molecular dynamics simulations successfully separated the two clusters, predicting a binding mode consistent with crystallographic data.

Conclusions:

  • The linear interaction method (LIE) in combination with molecular dynamics simulations provides a robust approach for predicting bioactive conformations of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
  • The LIE model demonstrated the best correlation between experimental and calculated binding free energies among the tested methods, outperforming standard scoring functions.