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Related Concept Videos

Masking and Demasking Agents01:19

Masking and Demasking Agents

EDTA titrations may necessitate masking and demasking agents to temporarily protect a particular metal ion in a mixture from the EDTA reaction. These agents facilitate the sequential analysis of the metal ions by forming stable complexes with some—but not all—metal ions during certain steps.
There are many masking agents, such as cyanide, fluoride, triethanolamine, thiourea, and 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol (formerly 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol), with the masking agent chosen based on the metal...
Blinding01:11

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
Bullying02:04

Bullying

A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is bullying.
Bystander Effect02:09

Bystander Effect

The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.
Techniques of Therapeutic Communication II: Focusing, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing01:23

Techniques of Therapeutic Communication II: Focusing, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing

Focusing involves centering a conversation on a message's critical elements or concepts. Focusing is valuable if the talk is vague or patients begin to repeat themselves. Sometimes, when patients are asked about their symptoms, they may go off-topic and try to tell their entire life story. Respectfully, the nurse should bring the conversation back into focus.
This therapeutic technique can also be used when a patient brings up pertinent information during a health-related conversation. The...
Repressed Memory01:16

Repressed Memory

Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...

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A Method for Remotely Silencing Neural Activity in Rodents During Discrete Phases of Learning
09:22

A Method for Remotely Silencing Neural Activity in Rodents During Discrete Phases of Learning

Published on: June 22, 2015

Brushed aside and silenced.

Lyubomira Chakalova1, Peter Fraser

  • 1Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Expression, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.

Developmental Cell
|April 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene location within the cell nucleus impacts gene expression. Moving a gene also surprisingly affects the expression of neighboring genes, revealing new insights into genome organization.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mammalian genomes exhibit complex three-dimensional (3D) organization within cell nuclei.
  • The functional implications of this spatial genome organization on gene regulation remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct impact of spatial gene relocation on gene expression.
  • To determine if altering a gene's position affects the expression of adjacent genes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing advanced microscopy techniques to track and manipulate gene loci in live cells.
  • Employing gene expression analysis (e.g., RNA sequencing) to quantify changes in gene activity following spatial relocation.

Main Results:

  • Spatial relocation of a specific gene directly and significantly altered its own expression levels.
  • Surprisingly, the repositioning of a gene also led to measurable changes in the expression of neighboring genes.

Conclusions:

  • The three-dimensional organization of the genome plays a crucial role in regulating gene function.
  • Gene expression is not solely determined by linear sequence but is influenced by its nuclear neighborhood, with implications for gene regulation and disease.