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Related Concept Videos

Microbial Interactions: Parasitism01:22

Microbial Interactions: Parasitism

Parasitism is a form of microbial interaction in which parasitic microbes exploit a host organism for nutrients and shelter, often at the host's expense. Unlike mutualistic relationships, where both organisms benefit, parasitism benefits only the parasite and harms the host.Classification of ParasitesMicrobial parasites are broadly classified based on their location relative to the host.Ectoparasites remain on the host’s surface, such as the skin or outer tissues, drawing nutrients...
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Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
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Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
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Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
Diversity of Protists II01:27

Diversity of Protists II

Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
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Isolation And Dendritic Cell-Uptake of Small Extracellular Vesicles from Echinococcus granulosus
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Isolation And Dendritic Cell-Uptake of Small Extracellular Vesicles from Echinococcus granulosus

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Echinococcus multilocularis: the parasite-host interplay.

Bruno Gottstein1, Andrew Hemphill

  • 1Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 122, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland.

Experimental Parasitology
|April 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a severe parasitic disease. Understanding the Echinococcus multilocularis parasite

Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a severe chronic helminthic disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis.
  • The parasite's metacestode stage features a protective laminated layer and employs immunomodulatory molecules to evade host defenses.
  • Key immunosuppressive antigens, Em2 and Em492, are found in the laminated layer and excretory/secretory (E/S) fraction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular composition of the Echinococcus multilocularis metacestode, focusing on the laminated layer and E/S fraction.
  • To identify parasite-derived molecules involved in immune evasion and host response manipulation.
  • To advance understanding of the host-parasite interface in alveolar echinococcosis.

Main Methods:

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  • Analysis of protein and glycoprotein composition of the metacestode laminated layer and E/S fraction.
  • Characterization of immunomodulatory properties of specific parasite antigens (Em2, Em492).

    • Main Results:

    • Detailed characterization of the protein and glycoprotein makeup of the parasite's protective layers.
    • Identification of Em2 and Em492 antigens as key players in immune suppression and modulation.
    • Insights into the molecular mechanisms by which the parasite manipulates the host immune system.

    Conclusions:

    • The study enhances understanding of the Echinococcus multilocularis parasite's structure and immune evasion strategies.
    • Identifying specific immunosuppressive antigens provides targets for future therapeutic interventions.
    • Further research into the host-parasite interface is crucial for developing novel treatments for alveolar echinococcosis.