Cementum thickness in multirooted human molars: a histometric study by light microscopy

Area of Science:

• Dental Anatomy
• Periodontology
• Histology

Background:

• Cementum, a specialized calcified tissue, covers the root dentin.
• Understanding cementum distribution is vital for dental health and treatment.
• Multirooted molars present complex root anatomy influencing cementum deposition.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate cementum distribution and thickness in multirooted permanent molars.
• To identify specific patterns of cementum accumulation on root surfaces.
• To correlate cementum distribution with potential etiological factors and clinical implications.

Main Methods:

• Transverse sectioning of 33 maxillary and 33 mandibular permanent molars.
• Microscopic measurement of cementum thickness at midpoint and maximal sites.
• Analysis of cementum distribution across different root surfaces (midpoint, maximal, oral, vestibular, interradicular, concavities).

Main Results:

• Cementum thickness varied significantly, with higher accumulation on interradicular surfaces.
• Mandibular molars showed more oral than vestibular cementum; maxillary buccal roots also exhibited this pattern.
• Cementum was observed to accumulate within root concavities, though mechanisms remain unclear.

Conclusions:

• Cementum distribution in multirooted molars is influenced by buccal drift and root concavities.
• The findings suggest masticatory function and tooth eruption may not significantly affect cementum thickness in the studied region.
• Awareness of cementum distribution patterns is essential for effective endodontic and periodontal therapy.