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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

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A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells
06:48

A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 16, 2022

Interplay between microRNAs and RNA-binding proteins determines developmental processes.

Martijn Kedde1, Reuven Agami

  • 1The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Tumor Biology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
|April 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate microRNA (miRNA) activity, impacting gene expression. This interplay is crucial for germ cell development and may influence cancer progression.

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression, primarily by binding to 3'-untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs).
  • Emerging evidence suggests that miRNA activity is modulated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), adding complexity to gene regulation.
  • RBPs can either enhance or inhibit miRNA function, influencing cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the intricate interplay between RBPs and miRNAs in the context of germ cell development.
  • To review existing literature on how RBPs modulate miRNA function, particularly in relation to target mRNA accessibility.
  • To highlight the significance of RBP-miRNA interactions in developmental decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on RBP-miRNA interactions.
  • Analysis of specific examples, such as the interaction between HuR and miR-122 with CAT1 mRNA.
  • Discussion of the role of Dead end (Dnd1) in prohibiting miRNA function by blocking mRNA access.

Main Results:

  • RNA-binding proteins can significantly alter miRNA activity, independent of miRNA expression levels.
  • The RBP HuR can counteract miRNA effects on specific mRNAs, like miR-122 on CAT1.
  • The RBP Dnd1 was identified as a functional inhibitor of several miRNAs by preventing their access to target mRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • The interaction between RBPs and miRNAs is a critical regulatory mechanism in biological systems.
  • Dnd1's essential role in primordial germ cell (PGC) development underscores the importance of RBP-miRNA interplay in developmental processes.
  • Further investigation into RBP-miRNA interactions is warranted to understand their broader implications in development and disease, including cancer.