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Related Concept Videos

Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...
Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management01:25

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management

Pharmacologic intervention is crucial in treating cardiac arrest patients during ACLS or Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. The ACLS algorithms guide the administration of specific drugs based on the patient's cardiac arrest rhythm, which includes pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), asystole, and pulseless electrical activity (PEA).EpinephrineIndication: Epinephrine is the first-line drug for all cardiac arrest rhythms.Mechanism of Action: Epinephrine...
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...

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Related Experiment Video

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Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management
06:43

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Published on: November 21, 2017

Hypothermia for refractory status epilepticus.

Jesse J Corry1, Rajat Dhar, Theresa Murphy

  • 1Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.

Neurocritical Care
|April 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Therapeutic hypothermia effectively controlled refractory status epilepticus (SE) in four patients, allowing discontinuation of anesthetic infusions. This approach shows promise as an alternative SE treatment with minimal morbidity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Status epilepticus (SE) often resists conventional anticonvulsants, necessitating high-dose anesthetic agents with significant risks.
  • Current treatments for refractory SE carry high morbidity and mortality rates and may not always be effective.

Observation:

  • Four patients with SE refractory to benzodiazepines/barbiturates were treated with therapeutic hypothermia (31-35°C) via an endovascular cooling system.
  • Continuous EEG monitoring was employed, with three patients on midazolam infusions and one experiencing recurrent seizures during pentobarbital weaning.

Findings:

  • Hypothermia successfully terminated seizure activity in all four patients, enabling midazolam discontinuation.
  • Two patients remained seizure-free post-rewarming, and all showed reduced seizure frequency; EEG revealed burst-suppression in three.
  • Adverse events included shivering, coagulopathy, and venous thromboembolism; two deaths occurred, unrelated to hypothermia itself.

Implications:

  • Therapeutic hypothermia demonstrates potential as a primary or adjunctive therapy for refractory SE.
  • This method offers a less toxic alternative to anesthetic agents for SE management.
  • Further research is warranted to fully establish the safety and efficacy of hypothermia in SE treatment.