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Related Concept Videos

Nightmares and Night Terrors01:18

Nightmares and Night Terrors

Nightmares and night terrors represent two distinct types of sleep disturbances that differ in timing, characteristics, and the sleeper's recall of the event. Nightmares are vivid, disturbing dreams that usually awaken the sleeper from REM sleep, a stage of sleep where brain activity is high, and dreams are most frequent. Upon awakening, individuals often have detailed recollections of their nightmares, which can include themes of threats to survival, security, or self-esteem.
Nightmares often...
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors01:27

Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs due to uncomfortable sensations. These sensations typically occur during periods of rest or inactivity, particularly when lying down or sitting, and can severely disrupt sleep.
The exact cause of RLS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve dopamine, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate muscle movement. Imbalances in dopamine levels...
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
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Chronic Sleep Deprivation in Mouse Pups by Means of Gentle Handling
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Published on: October 11, 2018

Sleep problems in children with neurological disorders.

Liam Dorris1, Nicola Scott, Sameer Zuberi

  • 1Fraser of Allander Neurosciences Unit, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK. liam.dorris@ggc.scot.nhs.uk

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Summary

Children with intellectual disability (ID) and neurological disorders often experience sleep problems. This review explores the links between these conditions and discusses assessments and interventions for improved sleep and cognitive function.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Sleep problems are frequently observed in children with intellectual disability (ID) and various neurological disorders.
  • The relationship between sleep disturbances and neurological conditions, including those present from birth or acquired later (e.g., traumatic brain injury), is complex and bidirectional.
  • Neurological disorders like epilepsy, narcolepsy, and neurorespiratory conditions significantly impact sleep function and cognitive development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate relationship between sleep issues, neurological disorders, and intellectual disability in pediatric populations.
  • To delineate patterns of sleep difficulties associated with specific neurological conditions.
  • To summarize current assessment strategies and intervention options (behavioral and pharmacological) for managing sleep problems in affected children.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review synthesizing existing research findings.
  • Analysis of clinical data and case studies from authors' extensive experience.
  • Examination of the impact of disordered sleep on cognitive development and behavior.

Main Results:

  • Children with ID and neurological disorders exhibit diverse sleep problems.
  • Specific neurological conditions are linked to characteristic sleep disturbances.
  • Disordered sleep can exacerbate cognitive and behavioral challenges in children.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interplay between sleep, neurological disorders, and ID is crucial for effective pediatric care.
  • Tailored assessments and interventions are necessary to address sleep disturbances in this population.
  • Further research can optimize management strategies for improved developmental outcomes.