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Updated: Jul 5, 2026

A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle

A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle

Published on: January 11, 2018

The false and the true bifid condyles.

J Dennison¹, P Mahoney, P Herbison

¹Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. john.dennison@stonebow.otago.ac.nz

Homo : Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Die Vergleichende Forschung Am Menschen

|April 18, 2008

Summary

The study investigated the bifid mandibular condyle, a rare condition. Researchers suggest reserving the term "bifid condyle" for specific sagittal plane formations, clarifying its definition.

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Area of Science:

Anthropology
Anatomy
Paleopathology

Background:

The bifid mandibular condyle's etiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood.
Existing literature presents terminological ambiguity regarding condylar morphology.
Commonly attributed causes include trauma or forceps delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the frequency and characteristics of mandibular condyle grooves.
To clarify the definition and terminology of the "bifid condyle."
To propose an etiological hypothesis for sagittal plane grooves.

Main Methods:

Examination of adult mandibles from Pacific Islanders (pre-European contact) and modern Indian populations.
Recording of condylar groove frequency, prominence, and position in coronal and sagittal planes.
Analysis of sex and side-specific variations in groove occurrence.

Main Results:

The tenth known case of a bilaterally-bifid condyle was identified.
Grooves were nearly twice as common on the left condyle of Indian mandibles compared to Pacific Islanders.
Groove occurrence showed no significant sex-based differences.
Groove prevalence was similar on the right side across both groups.

Conclusions:

The term "bifid condyle" should be exclusively used for true sagittal plane divisions.
A hypothesis for the occurrence of sagittal plane grooves is presented.
Further research is needed to elucidate the exact etiology of these variations.