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Related Concept Videos

Panic Disorder

Panic Disorder

Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI)

Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI)

Published on: November 27, 2019

Regional gray matter abnormalities in panic disorder: a voxel-based morphometry study.

Ricardo R Uchida¹, Cristina M Del-Ben, Geraldo F Busatto

¹Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.

Psychiatry Research

|April 18, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Panic disorder (PD) patients show increased gray matter in the left insula and brainstem structures. Reduced gray matter volume was observed in the right anterior cingulate cortex in individuals with panic disorder.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Radiology
Psychiatry

Background:

Panic disorder (PD) is linked to fear and anxiety neurobiology.
Structural brain abnormalities in PD are not well understood.
Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) using MRI offers a method to investigate these changes.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine structural brain abnormalities in panic disorder patients using VBM MRI.
To compare gray matter volume between PD patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
Acquisition of images using a 1.5 T MRI scanner.
Spatial normalization, segmentation, and statistical comparison using the general linear model.

Main Results:

Increased gray matter volume in the left insula, left superior temporal gyrus, midbrain, and pons in PD patients.
Reduced gray matter volume in the right anterior cingulate cortex in PD patients compared to controls.
Specific regional gray matter differences identified between PD patients and healthy volunteers.

Conclusions:

Insula and anterior cingulate cortex abnormalities in PD may relate to emotional processing and assigning negative meaning to stimuli.
Abnormalities in brainstem structures could be involved in the generation of panic attacks.
VBM MRI reveals distinct structural brain alterations in panic disorder patients.