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Related Concept Videos

Repressible Operon: trp Operon01:21

Repressible Operon: trp Operon

The trp operon in Escherichia coli exemplifies a repressible operon. It regulates the synthesis of tryptophan through repressor-mediated transcriptional control and attenuation. This dual regulatory mechanism ensures tryptophan biosynthesis occurs only when needed, conserving cellular resources.Structure of the trp OperonThe trp operon consists of five structural genes (trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, and trpA) that encode enzymes for tryptophan biosynthesis. These genes are transcribed as a single...
Cotranslational Protein Translocation01:20

Cotranslational Protein Translocation

Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Sec61 channel partners for cotranslational translocation
During cotranslational translocation, the Sec61 channel partners with the signal recognition particle (SRP), the signal recognition particle receptor (SR), and the ribosomes to transport the nascent polypeptide chain...
Protein Transport to the Thylakoids01:22

Protein Transport to the Thylakoids

Thylakoids are membrane-bound sac-like structures within the chloroplast that serve as sites for photosynthesis. Thylakoid lumen contains many electron transport proteins and is enclosed by a thylakoid membrane rich in the light-harvesting complex. Proteins targeted to the thylakoids are transported as precursors and are sorted by the general TOC/TIC import pathway. Once the precursor reaches the stroma, stromal processing peptidases remove their transit signal and expose thylakoid signal...
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...

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Subcellular Fractionation for ERK Activation Upon Mitochondrial-derived Peptide Treatment
07:55

Subcellular Fractionation for ERK Activation Upon Mitochondrial-derived Peptide Treatment

Published on: September 25, 2017

The subcellular localization of TRPP2 modulates its function.

Xiao Fu1, Yan Wang, Nelli Schetle

  • 1Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN
|April 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polycystin-2 (TRPP2) localization impacts its function. TRPP2 trapped in the ER effectively corrects left-right asymmetry defects in zebrafish, highlighting tissue-specific roles.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • TRPP2 (polycystin-2) is a calcium channel linked to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
  • TRPP2 plays roles in cardiac development, renal differentiation, and left-right (L-R) axis determination.
  • PACS proteins regulate TRPP2 trafficking via its C-terminal domain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how TRPP2 achieves tissue-specific functions.
  • To explore the role of subcellular localization in TRPP2 activity.
  • To understand the impact of TRPP2 trafficking on developmental processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized zebrafish larvae models with TRPP2 mutations (TRPP2(S812A) and TRPP2(S812D)).
  • Examined the effect of altered TRPP2 localization on cyst formation and L-R axis determination.
  • Investigated the interaction between TRPP2 and PACS proteins.

Main Results:

  • TRPP2(S812A) mutant rescued cyst formation similarly to wild-type TRPP2.
  • TRPP2(S812D) mutant, trapped in the ER, was more effective in normalizing distorted body axes.
  • ER-localized TRPP2 (TRPP2(S812D)) showed superior rescue of L-R asymmetry defects.

Conclusions:

  • TRPP2 exhibits distinct subcellular localizations to perform tissue-specific functions.
  • ER localization of TRPP2 is crucial for normal L-R asymmetry development.
  • Targeting TRPP2 localization offers potential therapeutic avenues for related diseases.