Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factors in retinal and choroidal diseases - Present landscape.

Indian journal of ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Candida pelliculosa cluster endophthalmitis: clinical profile and surgical outcomes in twelve eyes.

International ophthalmology·2026
Same author

AI-Driven Diagnostics vs. Clinician Assessment in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Comparative Analysis at a Secondary Eye Care Centre.

Ophthalmic epidemiology·2026
Same author

Current perspective on infectious uveitis.

Indian journal of ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Long-Term Outcome of Intravitreal Expansile Gas and Bevacizumab Injection for Macular Neovascularization-Induced Subfoveal Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Study.

Journal of current ophthalmology·2025
Same author

Enhancing AI-based diabetic retinopathy diagnosis through universal cross-camera image adaptation.

BMJ open ophthalmology·2025
Same journal

Eye injury rates and community cost savings through vision centers: Evidence from southern India.

Indian journal of ophthalmology·2026
Same journal

Evaluation of the protective efficiency of polycarbonate goggles against firecracker-related ocular injuries.

Indian journal of ophthalmology·2026
Same journal

Comment on: Clinical characteristics, risk factor analysis, and outcomes of graft rejection after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty.

Indian journal of ophthalmology·2026
Same journal

Issue regarding E Log book for PG students: Paper to pixels.

Indian journal of ophthalmology·2026
Same journal

Methylation matters: A case control study on epigenetic alteration in diabetic retinopathy.

Indian journal of ophthalmology·2026
Same journal

Understanding the disconnect: A pilot study of public perception versus reality of corneal donation in India.

Indian journal of ophthalmology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice
04:36

An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice

Published on: January 12, 2024

Diabetic retinopathy: an update.

Ramandeep Singh1, Kim Ramasamy, Chandran Abraham

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
|April 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of preventable blindness globally. Advances in diagnostic technology and evolving treatments, including surgery and medications, are improving patient outcomes.

More Related Videos

Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats
07:41

Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats

Published on: October 23, 2020

Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tg(fli:EGFP) Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature
10:07

Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tg(fli:EGFP) Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature

Published on: December 26, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice
04:36

An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice

Published on: January 12, 2024

Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats
07:41

Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats

Published on: October 23, 2020

Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tg(fli:EGFP) Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature
10:07

Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tg(fli:EGFP) Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature

Published on: December 26, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a significant global health concern.
  • Diabetic retinopathy is a primary cause of preventable blindness worldwide.
  • Technological progress has enhanced the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
  • To highlight the evolution of treatment strategies over the past three decades.

Main Methods:

  • Review of technological advancements in diagnostic tools.
  • Analysis of changes in treatment paradigms for diabetic retinopathy.

Main Results:

  • Improved diagnostic accuracy for diabetic retinopathy.
  • Expansion of treatment options beyond laser photocoagulation.
  • Integration of early surgical interventions and pharmacotherapies into standard care.

Conclusions:

  • Modern approaches have significantly improved the management of diabetic retinopathy.
  • Continued innovation in diagnostics and therapeutics is crucial for preventing blindness.