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Related Concept Videos

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...
Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma
08:07

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

Published on: April 12, 2019

Osteochondroma-like parosteal osteosarcoma.

Duddi Sreehari Krishna Swaroop1, Sarala Jothi Bai, V Shanthi

  • 1Department of Pathology, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India. drkrishu@yahoo.com

Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology
|April 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Parosteal osteosarcoma, a rare bone tumor, can be misdiagnosed. This case highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and monitoring for recurrence and metastasis in patients with this condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Oncology
  • Skeletal Radiology
  • Tumor Pathology

Background:

  • Parosteal osteosarcoma is a rare, low-grade variant of osteosarcoma, characterized by a predominantly fibro-osseous matrix.
  • It accounts for approximately 5% of all osteosarcoma cases and typically presents as a slow-growing lesion.

Observation:

  • A 35-year-old male presented with a 2-year history of a lesion in the metaphyseal area of his right femur.
  • Initial biopsy was misinterpreted as osteochondroma, with bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP) also considered.
  • Surgical excision confirmed the diagnosis of parosteal osteosarcoma.

Findings:

  • The excised tumor was histopathologically confirmed as parosteal osteosarcoma.
  • The patient experienced a local recurrence of the tumor one year after the initial surgery.
  • Metastatic disease was detected on a subsequent bone scan, indicating tumor spread.

Implications:

  • Accurate histopathological diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management of parosteal osteosarcoma.
  • Close monitoring for recurrence and distant metastasis is essential following initial treatment.
  • This case underscores the potential for aggressive behavior and metastatic potential in seemingly low-grade bone tumors.