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Related Concept Videos

Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport01:24

Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport

Drugs must traverse multiple biological barriers, such as multi-layered skin, single-layered intestinal epithelium, and the plasma membrane, to reach their target sites within the body. The plasma membrane, a highly structured composite of phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, is the cell's protective boundary, facilitating selective substance exchange.
Phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer, with hydrophilic heads oriented outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.
Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach01:25

Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach

The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
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Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
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Membrane Domains

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Sensing of Barrier Tissue Disruption with an Organic Electrochemical Transistor
11:17

Sensing of Barrier Tissue Disruption with an Organic Electrochemical Transistor

Published on: February 10, 2014

Epithelial barrier modulation by a channel forming peptide.

Suma Somasekharan1, Robert Brandt, Takeo Iwamoto

  • 1Yale School of Medicine Cellular and Molecular Physiology, New Haven, CT, USA. suma.somasekharan@yale.edu

The Journal of Membrane Biology
|April 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary

The synthetic peptide NC-1059 enhances ion transport and barrier permeability in various cultured epithelial cells. This peptide

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Organoid-Derived Epithelial Monolayer: A Clinically Relevant In Vitro Model for Intestinal Barrier Function
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Organoid-Derived Epithelial Monolayer: A Clinically Relevant In Vitro Model for Intestinal Barrier Function

Published on: July 29, 2021

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Sensing of Barrier Tissue Disruption with an Organic Electrochemical Transistor
11:17

Sensing of Barrier Tissue Disruption with an Organic Electrochemical Transistor

Published on: February 10, 2014

Organoid-Derived Epithelial Monolayer: A Clinically Relevant In Vitro Model for Intestinal Barrier Function
09:40

Organoid-Derived Epithelial Monolayer: A Clinically Relevant In Vitro Model for Intestinal Barrier Function

Published on: July 29, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Epithelial monolayers form crucial biological barriers.
  • Understanding factors that modulate barrier integrity is vital for physiological and therapeutic applications.
  • Synthetic peptides offer potential tools for manipulating epithelial function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of the synthetic channel-forming peptide NC-1059 on epithelial cells from various sources.
  • To determine if NC-1059 impacts both transcellular and paracellular pathways.
  • To assess the potential of NC-1059 for therapeutic applications, such as drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Culturing various epithelial cell lines (MDCK, T-84, Calu-3, IPEC-J2, PVD9902) on permeable supports.
  • Measuring short-circuit current (Isc) and transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) to assess ion transport and barrier function.
  • Utilizing dextran permeation assays to evaluate paracellular pathway integrity.
  • Conducting dose-response and stability studies using Xenopus laevis oocytes to analyze membrane ion channel activity.

Main Results:

  • NC-1059 significantly increased Isc and decreased TER across all tested epithelial cell types, indicating enhanced ion transport and reduced barrier integrity.
  • Dextran permeation assays confirmed that NC-1059 increases paracellular permeability.
  • In Xenopus oocytes, NC-1059 induced a dose-dependent and stable increase in membrane conductance, consistent with ion channel activity.

Conclusions:

  • NC-1059 effectively modulates ion transport and barrier function in a wide range of epithelial cells.
  • The peptide's ability to increase both transcellular and paracellular permeability suggests its potential utility in enhancing drug delivery across epithelial barriers.
  • Further research into NC-1059 could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for improving drug absorption.