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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management

Nursing management for nephrotic syndrome adapts as the disease progresses, with strategies evolving to address advancing symptoms and complications.Early-Stage Management In the early stages, nursing interventions for nephrotic syndrome resemble those used in managing acute glomerulonephritis, focusing on symptom monitoring, fluid balance, and managing mild to moderate edema.Vital Signs: Regularly monitor blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature to promptly identify...
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document any history...
Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma happens...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...

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Related Experiment Videos

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: an emerging entity.

Sandip K Saxena1, Manjuri Sharma, Mital Patel

  • 1Department of Nephrology, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G2C4. drsandipsaxena@yahoo.com

International Urology and Nephrology
|April 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a severe skin and connective tissue disorder linked to gadolinium (Gd) contrast agents used in MRI/MRA scans. Prevention is crucial as no effective treatment currently exists for this progressive illness in kidney disease patients.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Radiology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a debilitating disorder affecting patients with chronic kidney disease.
  • It manifests as progressive fibrosis of skin and connective tissues, severely limiting joint mobility.
  • Widespread internal organ fibrosis and potential mortality are associated with NSF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF).
  • To highlight the established link between gadolinium (Gd) contrast exposure and NSF development.
  • To emphasize the urgent need for research into NSF pathogenesis and effective treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of case series reports and skin biopsy findings.
  • Analysis of clinical observations linking MRI/MRA contrast agents to NSF.
  • Compilation of global reported cases and symptom onset data.

Main Results:

  • NSF is directly associated with gadolinium (Gd) contrast exposure during MRI/MRA procedures.
  • Over 250 cases reported globally, with many undiagnosed or unreported.
  • Symptoms typically appear 2-75 days (mean 25 days) post-Gd contrast exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Gadolinium (Gd) contrast agents are implicated in the etiology of Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF).
  • NSF is a serious, progressive condition with no current effective treatment, underscoring the importance of prevention.
  • Further research is essential to elucidate the mechanisms of Gd-induced NSF and develop therapeutic strategies.