Perspective on live varicella vaccine.
Anne A Gershon1, Samuel L Katz
1Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA. aag1@columbia.edu
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|May 3, 2008
Summary
The development of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine has significantly reduced chickenpox incidence and mortality. A two-dose schedule and adult vaccination for herpes zoster (HZ) further enhance VZV control.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox and herpes zoster (shingles).
- The first VZV attenuation by Takahashi in 1974 paved the way for chickenpox vaccines.
- Early vaccine use focused on immunocompromised children, demonstrating efficacy in preventing severe VZV disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the development and impact of VZV vaccines.
- To highlight the progression from childhood varicella prevention to adult herpes zoster prevention.
- To assess the public health impact of VZV vaccination strategies.
Main Methods:
- Review of historical vaccine development and implementation.
- Analysis of vaccine efficacy and safety data in various populations.
- Examination of public health records on VZV incidence, hospitalizations, and mortality.
Main Results:
- Widespread VZV vaccination in healthy children has decreased chickenpox incidence, hospitalizations, and deaths.
- A two-dose immunization schedule and combination vaccines have improved VZV protection.
- A high-titer VZV vaccine for adults has been developed to prevent herpes zoster.
Conclusions:
- VZV vaccination has dramatically reduced the burden of chickenpox in developed countries.
- Combined vaccination strategies for varicella and herpes zoster are predicted to significantly improve VZV control.
- While VZV elimination may not be feasible, enhanced immunization programs offer substantial public health benefits.
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