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Related Experiment Video

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A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration

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Published on: January 22, 2016

Gender differences in methamphetamine use and responses: a review.

Dean E Dluzen¹, Bin Liu

¹Department of Anatomy, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH 44272-0095, USA. ded@neoucom.edu

Gender Medicine

|April 19, 2008

Summary

Women show greater methamphetamine (MA) dependence and commitment but less dopamine response and toxicity. MA use in women is linked to depression, suggesting self-medication, necessitating gender-specific treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Addiction Medicine

Background:

Gender disparities exist in methamphetamine (MA) use and responses.
These sex differences are often overlooked in MA effect analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

To review gender differences in MA use and responses.
To inform gender-specific treatment strategies for psychostimulant use disorders.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search of English-language articles (1966-2007) from MEDLINE and reference lists.
Included studies focused on human subjects and used terms related to gender, sex, methamphetamine, and differences.
Reviewed studies analyzed patterns of male versus female MA use and responses.

Main Results:

Women initiate MA use earlier, exhibit higher dependence, and better treatment response than men.
MA use is associated with depression in women, who show greater brain alterations but less toxicity.
Men display greater amphetamine-stimulated dopamine release.

Conclusions:

Women's higher MA dependence and commitment contrast with diminished dopamine responses and lower toxicity.
Comorbidity of depression in women suggests MA may be used for self-medication.
Findings underscore the importance of gender in MA use assessment, prevention, and treatment.