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Related Concept Videos

Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems01:17

Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems

Gram-negative bacteria utilize sophisticated protein secretion systems to transport proteins across their double-membrane envelope into the extracellular environment or host cells. Based on their mechanism of action, these systems are classified into one-step and two-step pathways.One-Step Secretion Systems (Types I, III, IV, and VI)One-step secretion systems bypass the periplasm entirely, forming a continuous channel that spans both the inner and outer membranes:Type I Secretion System (T1SS):...
Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion01:26

Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion

Bacterial protein secretion involves translocation systems to ensure proteins reach their designated locations, including the plasma membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, or the external environment. These translocation systems are vital for bacterial physiology, supporting processes like membrane assembly, enzymatic activity in the periplasm, and interactions with the external environment. The division of labor between Sec and Tat pathways ensures efficiency in handling proteins with diverse...
Structure of Porins01:21

Structure of Porins

Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and gram-negative bacteria have transmembrane, beta-barrel proteins called porins to mediate the free diffusion of ions and metabolites across the membrane. Mitochondrial porin precursors contain conserved amino acid sequences called beta signals at their C-terminal. Beta signals have a  motif of PoXGXXHyXHy (Po-Polar, X-Any amino acid, G-Glycine, Hy-LargeHydrophobic), which are crucial for precursor recognition to initiate precursor assembly. Beta-barrel precursors...
Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope01:18

Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope

The outermost layers of prokaryotic cells play a critical role in their survival, virulence, and interaction with the environment. These layers, often composed of polysaccharides, polypeptides, or proteins, form protective and adhesive structures that vary in organization and function.Capsules and Slime LayersCapsules are highly organized, tightly bound layers that firmly attach to the bacterial cell wall. Capsules are usually made of polysaccharides, though some are made of polypeptides. These...
Bacterial Phylum Proteobacteria01:26

Bacterial Phylum Proteobacteria

Proteobacteria, one of the largest and most diverse bacterial phyla, encompasses a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria distinguished by their outer membrane composed of lipopolysaccharides. These microorganisms exhibit various metabolic capabilities, including phototrophy, chemolithotrophy, and heterotrophy, and thrive in diverse environments from soil to aquatic systems and host-associated niches. The phylum is divided into six classes: Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria,...
Formation of Lipopolysaccharides01:19

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are crucial components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, serving both structural and functional roles. It contributes to membrane stability and protects bacteria from host immune responses. LPS is composed of three major regions—lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O antigen. The biosynthesis and assembly of LPS involve a highly coordinated set of enzymatic reactions and transport mechanisms. Additionally, LPS is recognized as an endotoxin, triggering...

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Size Exclusion Chromatography to Analyze Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Heterogeneity
07:26

Size Exclusion Chromatography to Analyze Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Heterogeneity

Published on: March 31, 2021

Proteomics in gram-negative bacterial outer membrane vesicles.

Eun-Young Lee1, Dong-Sic Choi, Kwang-Pyo Kim

  • 1Department of Life Science and Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.

Mass Spectrometry Reviews
|April 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Gram-negative bacteria release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that influence host pathogenesis. This review highlights proteomic studies of OMVs and suggests future research directions for diagnostics and therapeutics.

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Size Exclusion Chromatography to Analyze Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Heterogeneity
07:26

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Published on: March 31, 2021

Separation of the Cell Envelope for Gram-negative Bacteria into Inner and Outer Membrane Fractions with Technical Adjustments for Acinetobacter baumannii
10:24

Separation of the Cell Envelope for Gram-negative Bacteria into Inner and Outer Membrane Fractions with Technical Adjustments for Acinetobacter baumannii

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10:21

Directed Protein Packaging within Outer Membrane Vesicles from Escherichia coli: Design, Production and Purification

Published on: November 16, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • Gram-negative bacteria constitutively secrete outer membrane vesicles (OMVs).
  • OMVs play roles in inter-species communication, bacterial survival, and host pathogenesis.
  • Mechanisms of OMV formation and their precise pathophysiological roles require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of existing biochemical, biological, and proteomic studies on bacterial OMVs.
  • To outline future directions for high-throughput and comparative proteomic analyses of OMVs.
  • To encourage the development of a comprehensive OMV proteome database.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on bacterial OMVs.
  • Discussion of mass spectrometry-based proteomics for OMV analysis.
  • Exploration of comparative proteomic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Limited proteomic data currently exists for bacterial OMVs.
  • OMVs are implicated in bacterial survival and pathogenesis.
  • Proteomics offers significant potential for advancing OMV research.

Conclusions:

  • Further proteomic studies are crucial for understanding OMV biogenesis and function.
  • A comprehensive OMV proteome database is needed.
  • Research on OMVs can lead to novel diagnostic tools, vaccines, and antibiotics against pathogenic bacteria.