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Related Concept Videos

Measurement of Blood Pressure01:17

Measurement of Blood Pressure

Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a stethoscope.
Decreased pulse rate01:14

Decreased pulse rate

Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
There are specific risk factors that can elevate the likelihood of developing bradycardia. Advanced age is a significant factor, with bradycardia...
Special considerations while measuring pulse01:13

Special considerations while measuring pulse

Assessing a patient's pulse is a fundamental skill in healthcare, but certain situations require special attention:
Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
Alterations in Blood Pressure01:30

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Alterations in blood pressure, such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and hypotension (low blood pressure), significantly affect human health. Understanding these conditions' classifications, causes, and symptoms is essential for effective management and treatment.
Hypertension (High blood pressure)
Hypertension occurs when blood pressure readings consistently exceed the normal range. It is diagnosed when systolic blood pressure (the top number, indicating pressure while the heart beats)...
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
14:09

Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance

Published on: March 21, 2013

[Syncope in infants and adolescents].

Sergio A Antoniuk1

  • 1Centro de Neuropediatria, Hospital de Clínicas, Departamento de Pediatria da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. antoniuk@uol.com.br

Medicina
|April 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Syncope, or fainting, is common in children and adolescents. While often benign and caused by vasovagal responses, it can signal serious conditions, necessitating accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Neurology
  • Clinical Medicine

Context:

  • Syncope is a frequent clinical presentation in infants and adolescents.
  • It is characterized by transient loss of consciousness and postural tone, with rapid recovery.
  • While often benign, syncope can indicate severe underlying neurological, cardiac, or metabolic conditions.

Purpose:

  • To review the etiology, clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment of syncope in pediatric populations.
  • To highlight the importance of accurate diagnosis for effective management.
  • To differentiate between benign and potentially life-threatening causes of syncope.

Summary:

  • Neurocardiogenic (vasovagal) syncope is the most common cause in this age group, typically with a benign outcome.

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Description of a Swine Infant Model of Volume-Controlled Hemorrhagic Shock

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
14:09

Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance

Published on: March 21, 2013

Description of a Swine Infant Model of Volume-Controlled Hemorrhagic Shock
09:09

Description of a Swine Infant Model of Volume-Controlled Hemorrhagic Shock

Published on: November 3, 2023

  • Diagnostic evaluation relies heavily on clinical history and physical examination, supplemented by basic tests like ECG, glucose, and electrolyte levels.
  • The Tilt Table Test is crucial for confirming neurocardiogenic syncope.

    • Impact:

    • Early and accurate diagnosis is critical for implementing specific and timely treatment, improving patient outcomes.
    • Treatment strategies range from preventive measures and education to pharmacological interventions (e.g., beta-blockers, fludrocortisone) and, in severe cases, pacemaker implantation.
    • Understanding the diverse etiologies of syncope is essential for managing prognosis, which can vary from benign to potentially lethal.