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Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem

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Breaking the barriers: microbial effector molecules subvert plant immunity.

Vera Göhre¹, Silke Robatzek

¹Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany. goehre@mpiz-koeln.mpg.de

Annual Review of Phytopathology

|April 22, 2008

Summary

Microorganisms adapt to plant tissues by secreting effector molecules that overcome plant defenses. This review details how these effectors manipulate plant immunity at different levels.

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Area of Science:

Plant pathology
Microbial ecology
Molecular biology

Background:

Microorganisms adapt to diverse environments, including plant tissues, which offer rich nutrient supplies.
Accessing plant tissues requires overcoming plant defense mechanisms, including passive barriers and induced responses.
Plant pathogens secrete effector molecules into plant cells to disrupt host immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current knowledge on the manipulation of plant immunity by microbial effector molecules.
To focus on effectors with known mechanisms of action.
To compare methods for identifying and characterizing effector molecules.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent findings on effector-host interactions.
Analysis of studies detailing effector mechanisms.
Comparative assessment of effector identification and characterization techniques.

Main Results:

Effectors operate at multiple, hierarchical levels to subvert plant immunity.
Specific examples of effectors and their targeted plant defense pathways are discussed.
Various methods for effector discovery and functional analysis are presented.

Conclusions:

Understanding effector orchestration is key to deciphering plant-pathogen interactions.
Knowledge of effector mechanisms aids in developing strategies to enhance plant resistance.
Standardized methods for effector characterization are crucial for advancing the field.