Risk stratification and venous thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized medical and cancer patients

Acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious and potentially fatal disorder, which often complicates the course of hospitalized medical patients. This is particularly true for carriers of malignant diseases. While the introduction of thromboprophylactic measures has probably affected the occurrence of postoperative VTE, there is an increasing awareness of the importance of medical conditions in determining thromboembolic events. Simple and clinically relevant risk assessment models are available to facilitate VTE risk assessment in hospitalized medical patients. Their validation in prospective studies is in progress. Randomized controlled clinical trials have consistently documented the efficacy of heparins and fondaparinux for prevention of VTE in hospitalized medical patients with a minimal haemorrhagic risk. Recognition of the incidence and clinical importance of thrombosis will probably encourage more widespread use of antithrombotic prophylaxis in medical patients and especially in some particular types of malignancies.