Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bullying

Bullying

A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is bullying.

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...

Causes of Social Behavior III: Biological and Environmental Influences

Causes of Social Behavior III: Biological and Environmental Influences

Social behavior is a complex phenomenon that arises from the interaction between biological predispositions and environmental influences. This intricate interplay shapes how individuals think, feel, and act in various social contexts. Understanding these mechanisms requires insights from psychology, neuroscience, genetics, and evolutionary theory.Environmental Influences on Social BehaviorEnvironmental factors, including temperature, odors, and visual stimuli, play a crucial role in shaping...

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...

Aggression

Aggression

Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for hire...

Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other

Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other

According to George Herbert Mead, as children progress beyond the game stage, they develop a more comprehensive understanding of societal rules and norms. This cognitive and social development enables them to internalize the expectations of the broader community, refining their ability to regulate behavior.Consistent participation in organized activities is crucial in helping children recognize that their actions are not isolated but contribute to a more significant, interconnected group effort.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Reimagining the Biopsychosocial Model: Transdiagnostic Factors to Precision Psychiatry.

Biological psychiatry global open science·2026

Same author

The long view: Lie-telling trajectories, ages 6 to 19 years.

Development and psychopathology·2026

Same author

Developmental Trajectories of Gambling and Substance use Throughout Adolescence - A Population-Based Longitudinal Study of Preadolescent Risk Factors and Related Outcomes in Early Adulthood.

Journal of gambling studies·2026

Same author

Developmental Trajectories of Suicidality in Sexually Diverse and Heterosexual Adolescents: Findings From the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development: Trajectoires développementales de suicidalité chez les adolescents hétérosexuels et de la diversité sexuelle : Résultats de l'Étude longitudinale sur le développement des enfants du Québec.

Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie·2026

Same author

Development of Substance Use Problems: The Role of Adolescent Cannabis Age of Onset, Frequency of Use and Childhood Risk Factors.

Research on child and adolescent psychopathology·2026

Same author

Evaluating the Impact of the How-to Parenting Program on Child Mental Health: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Grade Schools.

Family process·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: January 7, 2014

Gene-environment interaction between peer victimization and child aggression.

Mara Brendgen¹, Michel Boivin, Frank Vitaro

¹Department of Psychology, University of Québec at Montreal, CP 8888, Succ. Centreville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada. Brendgen.Mara@uqam.ca

Development and Psychopathology

|April 22, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Peer victimization increases aggression risk, but genetic predisposition matters differently for boys and girls. This study found gene-environment interactions in girls, but not boys, regarding aggression.

More Related Videos

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress

Published on: July 4, 2013

Rapid Fractionation and Isolation of Whole Blood Components in Samples Obtained from a Community-based Setting

Rapid Fractionation and Isolation of Whole Blood Components in Samples Obtained from a Community-based Setting

Published on: November 30, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: January 7, 2014

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress

Published on: July 4, 2013

Rapid Fractionation and Isolation of Whole Blood Components in Samples Obtained from a Community-based Setting

Rapid Fractionation and Isolation of Whole Blood Components in Samples Obtained from a Community-based Setting

Published on: November 30, 2015

Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Behavioral Genetics
Child Psychiatry

Background:

Peer victimization is a significant risk factor for child aggression.
The diathesis-stress model suggests genetic vulnerabilities interact with environmental stressors like victimization.
Individual differences exist in children's responses to peer victimization.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the gene-environment interaction between peer victimization and genetic risk for aggression in children.
To examine if genetic predisposition moderates the association between peer victimization and aggressive behavior.
To explore potential sex differences in the gene-environment interplay.

Main Methods:

Utilized a sample of 506 6-year-old twin pairs.
Assessed peer victimization via peer nominations.
Measured aggressive behavior using peer and teacher reports.
Estimated genetic risk for aggression based on co-twin's aggression and zygosity.

Main Results:

Peer victimization was identified as an environmentally driven variable, independent of genetic disposition.
A significant gene-environment interaction was found between peer victimization and genetic risk for aggression in girls.
For boys, peer victimization was directly associated with aggression, irrespective of genetic risk.

Conclusions:

Genetic factors moderate the impact of peer victimization on aggression in girls, supporting the diathesis-stress model.
Environmental factors, specifically peer victimization, directly influence aggression in boys regardless of genetic risk.
Differential socialization experiences in male and female peer groups may explain the observed sex differences.