Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...
Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types01:27

Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...
Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) presents with diverse symptoms depending on the location and severity of the ulcer. Clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer include dull pain and a burning sensation in the mid-epigastric region.
Few clinical manifestations differentiate gastric ulcers from duodenal ulcers. Distinctions in the location, timing, and pain relief are crucial for healthcare providers in differentiating between gastric and duodenal ulcers during clinical assessments.
Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management01:26

Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management

Medical treatment strategies for peptic ulcers encompass various methods. The primary goal of treatment is to diminish gastric acidity and strengthen mucosal defense mechanisms.
The therapeutic approach involves ensuring adequate rest, implementing drug therapy, promoting smoking cessation, making dietary modifications, and emphasizing long-term follow-up care.
Pharmacological management
The prevailing therapy for peptic ulcers involves a combination of managing the patient's current medication...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Microsatellite instability in gastric intestinal metaplasia in patients with and without gastric cancer.

The American journal of pathology·2000
Same author

Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer: both primary and secondary preventive measures are required.

Archives of internal medicine·2000
Same author

Proinflammatory activation of neutrophils and monocytes by Helicobacter pylori is not associated with cagA, vacA or picB genotypes.

APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica·2000
Same author

Modified Genta triple stain for identifying Helicobacter pylori.

Journal of clinical pathology·2000
Same author

Furazolidone combination therapies for Helicobacter pylori infection in the United States.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics·2000
Same author

H. pylori in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer: interaction between duodenal acid load, bile, and H. pylori.

The American journal of gastroenterology·2000
Same journal

Toward safer rechallenge after severe immune-mediated hepatotoxicity: the need for dynamic and mechanism-informed risk stratification.

Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver·2026
Same journal

Double immunohistochemistry to detect transglutaminase 2-IgA deposits in celiac children: a multicentre study.

Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver·2026
Same journal

Effectiveness and safety of mirikizumab in multirefractory ulcerative colitis: analysis from a real-world cohort.

Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver·2026
Same journal

Novel approaches to liquid biopsy in pancreatic cancer.

Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver·2026
Same journal

GLP-1 receptor agonists in pediatric obesity.

Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver·2026
Same journal

An unusual gastric mass in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia
03:05

Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Published on: February 16, 2024

OLGA staging for gastritis: a tutorial.

M Rugge1, P Correa, F Di Mario

  • 1Department of Medical Diagnostic Sciences & Special Therapies, Pathology Section, University of Padova, Italy. massimo.rugge@unipd.it

Digestive and Liver Disease : Official Journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver
|April 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atrophic gastritis, a precursor to gastric cancer, is linked to Helicobacter pylori infection. The Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment (OLGA) staging system provides a standardized method to assess cancer risk from histological findings.

More Related Videos

Elastic Staining on Paraffin-embedded Slides of pT3N0M0 Gastric Cancer Tissue
06:36

Elastic Staining on Paraffin-embedded Slides of pT3N0M0 Gastric Cancer Tissue

Published on: May 1, 2019

Enhanced Spatial Mapping of Mouse Gastric Muscle Layers Using a Modified Swiss Roll Technique
04:18

Enhanced Spatial Mapping of Mouse Gastric Muscle Layers Using a Modified Swiss Roll Technique

Published on: November 25, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia
03:05

Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Published on: February 16, 2024

Elastic Staining on Paraffin-embedded Slides of pT3N0M0 Gastric Cancer Tissue
06:36

Elastic Staining on Paraffin-embedded Slides of pT3N0M0 Gastric Cancer Tissue

Published on: May 1, 2019

Enhanced Spatial Mapping of Mouse Gastric Muscle Layers Using a Modified Swiss Roll Technique
04:18

Enhanced Spatial Mapping of Mouse Gastric Muscle Layers Using a Modified Swiss Roll Technique

Published on: November 25, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pathology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Atrophic gastritis, often caused by H. pylori, is a significant risk factor for gastric cancer.
  • Current histology reporting lacks a direct correlation between gastritis phenotype and malignancy risk.
  • This limits clinical management guidance for individual patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and explain the Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment (OLGA) staging system.
  • To standardize gastritis histology reporting for improved clinical utility.
  • To provide clear guidelines for consistent application of the OLGA system.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the OLGA staging system by an international pathology group.
  • Incorporation of knowledge from the Sydney System and global experience.
  • Focus on staging gastritis phenotypes based on cancer risk.

Main Results:

  • The OLGA system categorizes gastritis into stages (0-IV) reflecting progressive cancer risk.
  • It establishes a direct link between histological findings and malignancy potential.
  • Aims to provide explicit risk stratification for clinical decision-making.

Conclusions:

  • The OLGA staging system offers a standardized approach to gastritis histology reporting.
  • Consistent application of OLGA enhances risk assessment for gastric cancer.
  • Facilitates informed clinical management of patients with atrophic gastritis.