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Related Concept Videos

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

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Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
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Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
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Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

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Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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Developments in polymeric devices for oral insulin delivery.

V Ramesh Babu1, Pradip Patel, Raghavendra C Mundargi

  • 1Reliance Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Industrial Biotechnology Group, Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Thane Belapur Road, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701, India.

Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery
|April 23, 2008
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Summary

Developing oral insulin delivery systems using polymers is crucial for diabetes treatment, aiming to replace painful daily injections. This review covers advancements in polymeric devices for effective insulin administration.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Diabetes Mellitus Research

Background:

  • Subcutaneous insulin injections pose challenges for diabetes mellitus management.
  • Oral insulin administration is a critical unmet need to improve patient compliance.
  • Extensive literature exists on oral insulin delivery, necessitating a comprehensive review.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review technological advancements in polymeric devices for oral insulin delivery.
  • To highlight the development of hydrogels and micro/nanoparticles for this purpose.
  • To discuss strategies for enhancing insulin absorption in the intestine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of polymeric materials, including hydrogels and micro/nanoparticles.
  • Analysis of strategies to increase insulin residence time near intestinal absorptive cells.
  • Examination of inter-polymer complexes and grafted copolymers for oral delivery.

Main Results:

  • Discussion of published results on oral insulin delivery devices, focusing on inter-polymer complexes.
  • Coverage of absorption enhancers such as cyclodextrins, bile salts, and surfactants.
  • Presentation of state-of-the-art technologies and associated challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Polymeric devices show promise for oral insulin delivery, particularly inter-polymer complexes.
  • Absorption enhancers are key to improving oral insulin bioavailability.
  • Further technological development is needed to overcome challenges in oral insulin administration.