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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences

Published on: September 4, 2019

Capturing doping attitudes by self-report declarations and implicit assessment: a methodology study.

Andrea Petróczi¹, Eugene V Aidman, Tamás Nepusz

¹Kingston University, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, UK. a.petroczi@kingston.ac.uk

Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy

|April 23, 2008

Summary

This study developed a performance-enhancement implicit association test (PE-IAT) to assess athletes' undeclared doping attitudes. The PE-IAT shows potential for predicting behavior and informing anti-doping strategies.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences

Published on: September 4, 2019

Area of Science:

Sports Science
Psychology
Doping Control

Background:

Understanding athletes' attitudes towards performance enhancement is crucial for anti-doping interventions.
Indirect methods are needed to capture complex attitudes beyond verbal declarations.
This pilot study aimed to develop and validate an implicit doping attitude assessment method.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a performance-enhancement implicit association test (PE-IAT) for assessing implicit doping attitudes.
To explore the relationship between implicit doping attitudes and declared attitudes or behavioral intentions.
To evaluate the PE-IAT's potential in informing anti-doping strategies.

Main Methods:

Adapted the conventional Implicit Association Test (IAT) by incorporating 'doping' vs. 'nutrition supplements' categories.
Administered the PE-IAT, Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS), and doping belief questionnaires to 111 sports science undergraduates.
Analyzed response times and correlations between implicit measures, explicit attitudes, and behavioral intentions.

Main Results:

The PE-IAT indicated less favorable implicit evaluations of doping substances, with longer response times for 'good-doping' combinations.
The PE-IAT measure showed no significant correlation with declared doping attitudes (r = .181, p = .142).
Participants considering doping use exhibited significantly less implicit negativity towards banned substances (U = 109.00, p = .047).

Conclusions:

The PE-IAT shows promise for capturing undeclared doping attitudes and predicting behavior, aiding targeted anti-doping interventions.
Initial validity evidence is encouraging, suggesting the PE-IAT can complement existing assessment methods.
Further refinement of the PE-IAT protocol and stimulus materials is recommended for improved validity and reliability.