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Dialysis

Dialysis

Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...

Peritoneal Dialysis I: Introduction and Procedure

Peritoneal Dialysis I: Introduction and Procedure

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a procedure that facilitates the exchange of solutes, waste products, electrolytes, and excess fluid between the blood in the peritoneal capillaries and a dialysis solution introduced into the peritoneal cavity.Principles of Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)Diffusion: Waste products such as urea and electrolytes move from high concentrations in the blood to low concentrations in the dialysate across the peritoneal membrane. This mechanism is driven by the concentration...

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or those experiencing drug overdose often require extracorporeal methods to eliminate accumulated drugs and metabolites. Hemoperfusion, hemofiltration, and dialysis are the primary techniques to rapidly remove harmful substances without disrupting the patient's fluid and electrolyte balance. For those with compromised renal function, dosage adjustments of concurrent medications may be necessary during extracorporeal drug removal.Dialysis is a process...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Custom-made Microdialysis Probe Design

Custom-made Microdialysis Probe Design

Published on: July 21, 2015

Overview of microdialysis.

T S Shippenberg¹, A C Thompson

¹NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Current Protocols in Neuroscience

|April 23, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Microdialysis is a versatile technique for monitoring molecules like neurotransmitters in the extracellular space. This guide details its principles and experimental design for brain and peripheral studies.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biochemistry
Pharmacology

Background:

Microdialysis allows real-time monitoring of extracellular molecules.
The technique has evolved, becoming crucial for neurotransmitter, neuropeptide, and hormone analysis.
It is applicable to both central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral organ systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the principles of conventional and quantitative microdialysis.
To outline strategies for designing effective microdialysis experiments.
To provide foundational techniques for conducting and analyzing microdialysis in various species.

Main Methods:

Detailed explanation of conventional microdialysis principles.
Description of quantitative microdialysis methodologies.
Guidance on experimental design, preparation, conduct, and data analysis.

Main Results:

Established groundwork for microdialysis experiments in rodents and primates.
Demonstrated applicability to CNS monitoring.
Highlighted adaptability to other organ systems with minor modifications.

Conclusions:

Microdialysis is a key technique for monitoring extracellular molecules.
The described methods provide a comprehensive guide for researchers.
The technique's versatility extends beyond CNS studies.