Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
Proofreading01:43

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules starts when DNA polymerase links nucleotides together in a sequence that is complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity for the correct base to ensure fidelity in DNA replication. The DNA polymerase furthermore proofreads during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.Errors during Replication Are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase EnzymeGenomic DNA is synthesized in...
Proofreading01:31

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore,  it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase Enzyme
DNA Base Pairing02:27

DNA Base Pairing

Erwin Chargaff’s rules on DNA equivalence paved the way for the discovery of base pairing in DNA. Chargaff’s rules state that in a double-stranded DNA molecule,
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Exploiting vitamin C as a prooxidant to activate ROS-responsive prodrugs for potent and selective tumor killing.

Redox biology·2026
Same author

Brilliant blue G enhances cardiac function and suppresses ventricular arrhythmias by attenuating inflammation and fibrosis after post-myocardial infarction in rats.

Purinergic signalling·2026
Same author

Tumor-Selective and Chemical Activation Strategies for Nitrogen Mustard Prodrugs.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-Responsive Anticancer Prodrug: Synthesis, Precision Deuteration in Search of In Vivo Metabolites, and Activation Pathway.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2025
Same author

Design and assessment of photoactivatable anthracene-based DNA interstrand cross-linkers for light-controlled anticancer activity.

Bioorganic chemistry·2025
Same author

[CCDC97 influences the immune microenvironment and biological functions in HCC].

Xi bao yu fen zi mian yi xue za zhi = Chinese journal of cellular and molecular immunology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization
15:22

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization

Published on: April 3, 2014

Base-modified oligodeoxyribonucleotides: using pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines to replace purines.

Frank Seela1, Xiaohua Peng

  • 1Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück, Germany, Osnabrück, Germany.

Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry
|April 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Modified nucleobases, 7-deazapurines, enhance DNA duplex stability. Introducing halogen or alkynyl groups at the 7 position of these modified nucleobases significantly increases the thermal stability of resulting DNA duplexes.

More Related Videos

Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism
11:37

Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

Published on: July 28, 2017

Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides
13:19

Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides

Published on: June 2, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization
15:22

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization

Published on: April 3, 2014

Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism
11:37

Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

Published on: July 28, 2017

Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides
13:19

Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides

Published on: June 2, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Nucleic acid chemistry
  • Organic chemistry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Oligonucleotides are crucial in molecular biology and therapeutics.
  • Modifying canonical nucleobases can alter oligonucleotide properties.
  • 7-deazapurines are analogs of purines with potential for altered base pairing and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize phosphoramidites of 7-deazapurine nucleosides with 7-position substituents.
  • To prepare oligonucleotides containing these modified nucleobases using solid-phase synthesis.
  • To evaluate the impact of 7-halo and 7-alkynyl substituents on DNA duplex stability.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of protected 7-deazapurine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside phosphoramidites.
  • Solid-phase synthesis of oligonucleotides incorporating modified nucleobases.
  • Hybridization of synthesized oligonucleotides and determination of duplex melting temperatures (Tm).

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized phosphoramidites of 7-deazapurines with halogen or alkynyl groups.
  • Prepared oligonucleotides containing these modified nucleobases.
  • Demonstrated that 7-halo and 7-alkynyl substituents increase DNA duplex stability compared to unmodified purines, as evidenced by higher Tm values.

Conclusions:

  • 7-deazapurine nucleosides with 7-position halogen or alkynyl substituents are valuable building blocks for oligonucleotide synthesis.
  • These modifications enhance the stability of DNA duplexes.
  • This finding has implications for the design of more stable oligonucleotides for research and therapeutic applications.