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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...

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Related Experiment Video

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Organic Solvent-Based Protein Precipitation for Robust Proteome Purification Ahead of Mass Spectrometry
11:12

Organic Solvent-Based Protein Precipitation for Robust Proteome Purification Ahead of Mass Spectrometry

Published on: February 7, 2022

Protein precipitation using ammonium sulfate.

P Wingfield1

  • 1National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Current Protocols in Protein Science
|April 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explains the theory behind protein precipitation using ammonium sulfate, a common laboratory technique. It provides practical tables to help researchers determine the correct amounts of ammonium sulfate for protein isolation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Protein Chemistry

Background:

  • Protein precipitation is a crucial step in protein purification and analysis.
  • Ammonium sulfate precipitation is a widely used method due to its effectiveness and low cost.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the fundamental theory of protein precipitation induced by ammonium sulfate.
  • To outline common applications of this technique in biochemical research.
  • To provide practical tools for implementing ammonium sulfate precipitation.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical explanation of salting-out effect on protein solubility.
  • Compilation and presentation of application examples.
  • Inclusion of detailed calculation tables for ammonium sulfate addition.

Main Results:

  • The study elucidates the mechanism of protein solubility reduction by ammonium sulfate.
  • Common applications, such as enzyme purification and antibody fractionation, are detailed.
  • Comprehensive tables are provided for precise ammonium sulfate concentration calculations.

Conclusions:

  • Ammonium sulfate precipitation is a well-established and versatile technique in protein biochemistry.
  • The provided theoretical framework and calculation tables facilitate its effective application.
  • This method remains essential for various protein manipulation workflows.