Combination antifungal therapy: a critical review of the evidence

Invasive fungal infections have extremely high rates of morbidity and mortality, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. Combination antifungal therapy is conceptually attractive as a life-saving measure. However, in-vitro and in-vivo evidence is often conflicting and clinical trials in this area are limited. Most clinical studies show similar outcomes for combination antifungal therapy when compared to monotherapy, although secondary endpoints and sub-analyses often show advantages for the combinations in endpoints such as culture sterilisation. The logistics of large clinical trials of combination therapy are highly complex. Combination of antifungals with immune modulators is an exciting new research area. Until more data are available, clinicians should approach combination antifungal therapy with caution.