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Related Concept Videos

Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...
Determination01:51

Determination

During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...

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Localization of DNA-synthesizing cells and cell proliferation pattern in developing proventricular (glandular stomach) epithelium of embryonic and hatched chickens.

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Analysis of Epithelial Protein Profiles of Prostatic Glands Induced Heterotypically in the Bladder Epithelium of the Rat: (mesenchymal-epithelial interaction/prostate-specific/heterotypic differentiation/urinary bladder/urogenital sinus).

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Induction and Inhibition of Epithelial Differentiation by the Mixed Cell Aggregates of the Mesenchymes from the Chicken Embryonic Digestive Tract: (epithelial-mesenchymal interaction/mesenchymal cell aggregates/pepsinogen induction/gland formation/in vitro differentiation).

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Updated: Jul 5, 2026

A Quick and Efficient Method for the Purification of Endoderm Cells Generated from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
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Published on: March 3, 2016

Molecular analysis of endoderm regionalization.

Sadao Yasugi1, Takeo Mizuno

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minamiohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan. sad-yasugi@umin.net

Development, Growth & Differentiation
|April 24, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Digestive organ development relies on early endoderm fate determination and molecular signals from surrounding tissues. Epithelial and mesenchymal cells interact to regulate gut formation and differentiation.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Molecular mechanisms of organogenesis
  • Gastrointestinal development

Background:

  • Gut formation involves establishing regional differences within the digestive system.
  • Endodermal fate is determined early but requires signals from adjacent tissues like lateral plate mesoderm.
  • Mesenchyme plays crucial roles in inducing, supporting, or inhibiting endodermal differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms governing gut formation and regionalization.
  • To understand the inductive interactions between endoderm and mesenchyme during digestive organ development.
  • To elucidate the roles of growth factors and transcription factors in organogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of molecular cues guiding endodermal fate.
  • Investigating the instructive, supportive, and inhibitory roles of mesenchyme.
  • Examining gene expression patterns of growth factors and transcription factors.
  • Studying epithelial regulation of mesenchymal differentiation.

Main Results:

  • Vertebrate endodermal fate is established early but requires mesodermal signaling for realization.
  • Mesenchyme exhibits diverse inductive effects on endodermal epithelium differentiation.
  • Regulated gene expression of growth factors and transcription factors is critical for organogenesis.
  • Epithelium actively regulates mesenchymal differentiation into connective tissue and smooth muscle.

Conclusions:

  • Digestive organ development is a complex process involving reciprocal interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal components.
  • Molecular signaling pathways, including growth factors and transcription factors, are essential for coordinating gut morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation.
  • Understanding these interactions provides insights into congenital digestive disorders and regenerative medicine.