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Related Concept Videos

Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Streptococcal Pharyngitis01:27

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as “strep throat,” is an acute infection of the oropharyngeal tissues caused by the Gram‑positive Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, or talking.Mechanisms of Host Entry and Immune EvasionUpon entering the host, S. pyogenes adheres to the mucosal epithelial cells of the pharynx via surface proteins, notably lipoteichoic acid and the antiphagocytic...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.

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Related Experiment Videos

Diphtheria: a case report.

I Khodaei1, A Sinha, A Dingle

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Leighton Hospital, Crewe, UK. imankhodaei@tiscali.co.uk

The Journal of Laryngology and Otology
|April 24, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diphtheria, a re-emergent infectious disease, can be fatal, especially in the elderly. Early suspicion and prompt management, including detection and vaccination, are crucial for combating this upper airway obstruction mimic.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • Otorhinolaryngology

Background:

  • Diphtheria is an acute infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
  • While historically controlled by vaccination, recent years have seen a resurgence in some regions.

Observation:

  • A case of diphtheria in an elderly patient resulted in a fatal outcome.
  • The disease presented as acute upper airway obstruction, mimicking other conditions.

Findings:

  • Diphtheria cases are increasing in frequency in the UK, linked to immigration and travel.
  • Effective management relies on a high index of suspicion, rapid carrier detection, prompt treatment, and vaccination.

Implications:

  • Otorhinolaryngological surgeons must consider diphtheria in patients with unusual airway obstruction.
  • Increased vigilance and public health measures are necessary to address this re-emergent threat.