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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Generating Strictly Controlled Stimuli for Figure Recognition Experiments

Generating Strictly Controlled Stimuli for Figure Recognition Experiments

Published on: March 18, 2019

Global shape versus local feature: an angle illusion.

Graeme J Kennedy¹, Harry S Orbach, Gunter Loffler

¹Department of Vision Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, Scotland, UK.

Vision Research

|April 24, 2008

Summary

The perceived size of an angle is influenced by the overall shape it belongs to. Angles in isosceles triangles appear larger than identical angles in scalene triangles, revealing a novel visual illusion.

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Area of Science:

Visual perception
Geometric illusion
Human psychophysics

Background:

Angle discrimination precision is affected by global stimulus configuration.
Angles within isosceles triangles show lower discrimination thresholds than those in scalene triangles.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if the perceived size (accuracy) of an angle is influenced by its encompassing shape.
To compare perceived angle sizes within isosceles versus scalene triangles.

Main Methods:

Observers compared relative angle sizes in isosceles and scalene triangles.
Determined points of subjective equality for angle perception.

Main Results:

Angles in isosceles triangles were perceived as 14 degrees larger than identical angles in scalene triangles (for a 60-degree reference).
This effect was robust across different reference angles, triangle orientations, and sizes.
The illusion persisted regardless of triangle area, presence of the opposite side, or vertex representation (outline vs. dots).

Conclusions:

A novel visual illusion demonstrates that angles within isosceles triangles are perceived as substantially larger than identical angles in scalene triangles.
Angle computation mechanisms are sensitive to the contextual geometric configuration of the stimulus.