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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Caspases01:24

Caspases

Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside cells.
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become anucleated and die, but their...

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LPS and ATP-induced Death of PMA-differentiated THP-1 Macrophages and its Validation
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Programmed cell death: role for MazF and MrpC in Myxococcus multicellular development.

Lotte Søgaard-Andersen1, Zhaomin Yang

  • 1Department of Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch Str., 35043 Marburg, Germany. sogaard@mpi-marburg.mpg.de

Current Biology : CB
|April 24, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Programmed cell death, crucial in animal development, is now integral to the multicellular developmental program of the bacterium Myxococcus xanthus. This finding expands our understanding of programmed cell death beyond animals.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Programmed cell death is essential for animal embryonic development.
  • Its role in prokaryotes, particularly bacteria, remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and role of programmed cell death in the bacterium Myxococcus xanthus.
  • To determine if programmed cell death is a conserved mechanism in multicellular development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genetic and molecular biology techniques in Myxococcus xanthus.
  • Analyzed cellular and developmental processes during the bacterium's life cycle.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that programmed cell death is an integral component of the Myxococcus xanthus multicellular developmental program.
  • Identified specific genetic pathways regulating this process.

Conclusions:

  • Programmed cell death is not exclusive to animals and plays a role in bacterial multicellular development.
  • This discovery broadens the evolutionary perspective of programmed cell death.