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Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...

Production of Formed Elements

Production of Formed Elements

Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Derivation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells

Derivation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: January 12, 2015

Human cardiovascular progenitor cells develop from a KDR+ embryonic-stem-cell-derived population.

Lei Yang¹, Mark H Soonpaa, Eric D Adler

¹Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, USA.

|April 25, 2008

Summary

Researchers identified a novel human cardiovascular progenitor cell. This early-stage cell, derived from human embryonic stem cells, can differentiate into cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, crucial for heart development.

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Generation of First Heart Field-like Cardiac Progenitors and Ventricular-like Cardiomyocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Generation of First Heart Field-like Cardiac Progenitors and Ventricular-like Cardiomyocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: June 19, 2018

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Biology
Stem Cell Differentiation
Developmental Biology

Background:

The heart develops from distinct mesoderm-derived lineages, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells.
Previous studies in mouse models suggest a common Flk-1(+) (KDR) cardiovascular progenitor.
The existence and characteristics of a comparable progenitor in human cardiogenesis remained unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the presence and potential of a common cardiovascular progenitor during human cardiogenesis using human embryonic stem cells.
To characterize the differentiation capacity of identified progenitor populations in vitro and in vivo.

Main Methods:

Human embryonic stem cells were differentiated using specific growth factors (activin A, BMP4, FGF2, VEGF, DKK1) in serum-free media.
Embryoid bodies were analyzed for specific cell populations, including KDR(low)/C-KIT(neg).
Differentiation potential was assessed in monolayer and methylcellulose cultures, and via in vivo transplantation.

Main Results:

A KDR(low)/C-KIT(neg) population was generated from human embryonic stem cell-derived embryoid bodies.
This progenitor population demonstrated the potential to differentiate into cardiac, endothelial, and vascular smooth muscle lineages in vitro.
Transplantation studies confirmed the in vivo differentiation potential of these cells.
Clonal analysis indicated the presence of a cardiovascular colony-forming cell within this progenitor population.

Conclusions:

A human cardiovascular progenitor, characterized as KDR(low)/C-KIT(neg), has been identified.
This progenitor represents an early stage in human cardiac development, capable of generating all three major cardiovascular lineages.
These findings provide crucial insights into the initial steps of human heart formation from stem cells.